Strengthening Mental Health Care in Chronic Care Patients With Hypertension. A Cluster Randomised Control Trial

Cardiovascular disease (hypertension and stroke) is the leading cause of mortality in the world and the second leading cause of death in Africa. Estimates by the WHO using disability adjusted life years (DALYs) suggest that NCDs were responsible for 28% of the total burden of disease in South Africa in 2004, with heart disease, diabetes and stroke together being responsible for the second most important cause of death in adult South Africans. In the investigators 2014 survey of 3 primary health care facilities in the North West Province where the Department of Health is piloting Integrated Chronic Disease Management the investigators found that of the 1 250 chronic care patients surveyed, 51% reported having hypertension. Spurring the rising burden of NCDs are mental disorders. One in 6 adults experience a common mental disorder (depression, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders) within a 12 month period (Herman et al., 2009), one in four receive treatment of any kind (Seedat et al., 2009). Depression co-exists with NCDs having a mutually reinforcing relationship compromising both prevention and treatment through exacerbating modifiable risk factors and compromising adherence and self-care respectively. Objectives: The investigators propose to strengthen the Primary Care 101 guidelines. This is a set of clinical guidelines and decision support for nurses developed for the identification and management of multiple chronic diseases.

Inclusion criteria

Clinics

• Twenty (20) largest clinics providing chronic care Patients
• Receiving hypertensive treatment at time of enrolment
• Depressive symptoms as indicated by total score of 9 or more on PHQ-9
• Planning to reside in area for the next year
• Capable of actively engaging in interviewer-administered questionnaire at time of recruitment, 6 months and 12 months later
• Written consent to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

Clinics

• Clinics that do not provide Integrated Chronic Disease Management
• Small (<10 000 attendances/ year)
• Mobile or satellite
• Participated in piloting of intervention & data collection. Patients
• Inability to meet the above inclusion criteria