Spiritual Music Therapy for Individuals on Probation

Spiritual music therapy was applied to 5 groups of 14 participants once a week for 6 sessions. At the end of each session, the effect of the theme covered that week on the participants was measured by asking a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 questions. These questions were; How did the theme covered in this session make you feel? What feelings and thoughts did this session evoke in you? The data was evaluated qualitatively. analyzed. As the primary outcome measure, it was expected that the participants would experience positive feelings at the end of the weekly application.

Developed by Spielberger et al. (1970), it was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985). State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) reveals how a person feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) determines how an individual feels, independent of the environment and conditions they are in. There are 40 propositions that individuals can use to express their feelings in the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depending on how the person feels and the severity of their feelings, they should mark one of the following options: "Not at all" (1), "A little" (2), "A fair amount" (3), "Completely" (4). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. Cronbach's Alpha values of the scale were determined as 0.83-0.92 for the state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for the trait anxiety scale. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.

Developed by Rosenberg (1965), its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The scale is a self-report scale consisting of 63 questions. The scale consists of 12 subcategories. The first 10 items of the scale are used to measure self-esteem. Five of these items are positive and five are negative. It is a Likert-type scale consisting of the options "Very True", "True", "False" and "Very False". According to the evaluation system within the scale; questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are positive and scored from 3 to 0, while questions 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 are negative and scored from 0 to 3. The total score range is between 0-30 points, and a score below 15 points indicates low self-esteem. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.75. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.

The scale developed by Beck and colleagues (1961) is a self-assessment scale consisting of 21 questions used to measure depressive symptoms in areas such as cognitive and emotional coping skills. Each item of the scale aims to measure the degree of symptoms specific to depression, and each item contains self-assessment sentences scored between 0-3 on a four-point Likert type that can describe depressive symptoms in the last week. The total score range on the scale varies between 0-63. The Turkish adaptation was made by Hisli (1989). The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.80. It was measured before treatment for both the intervention and control groups.

Spiritual music therapy was applied to 5 groups of 14 participants once a week for 6 sessions. After all the sessions were completed, a face-to-face interview was conducted with the participants about how this application made them feel; how it affected their emotions, thoughts and behaviors, relationships and harmony within the group; and semi-structured questions that allowed them to express the most impressive and most negative aspects of the application. As the secondary outcome measure, it was expected that the participants would experience positive emotions at the end of the weekly application.

After all the sessions were completed the State-Trait Anxiety Scale was conducted with the participants. Developed by Spielberger et al. (1970), it was adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1985). State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) reveals how a person feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) determines how an individual feels, independent of the environment and conditions they are in. There are 40 propositions that individuals can use to express their feelings in the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Depending on how the person feels and the severity of their feelings, they should mark one of the following options: "Not at all" (1), "A little" (2), "A fair amount" (3), "Completely" (4). A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, while a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. Cronbach's Alpha values of the scale were determined as 0.83-0.92 for the state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for the trait anxiety scale.

After all the sessions were completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was conducted with the participants. Developed by Rosenberg (1965), its Turkish validity and reliability were made by Çuhadaroğlu (1986). The scale is a self-report scale consisting of 63 questions. The scale consists of 12 subcategories. The first 10 items of the scale are used to measure self-esteem. Five of these items are positive and five are negative. It is a Likert-type scale consisting of the options "Very True", "True", "False" and "Very False". According to the evaluation system within the scale; questions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 are positive and scored from 3 to 0, while questions 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 are negative and scored from 0 to 3. The total score range is between 0-30 points, and a score below 15 points indicates low self-esteem. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.75.

After all the sessions were completed the Beck Depression Inventory was conducted with the participants. Beck Depression Inventory: The scale developed by Beck and colleagues (1961) is a self-assessment scale consisting of 21 questions used to measure depressive symptoms in areas such as cognitive and emotional coping skills. Each item of the scale aims to measure the degree of symptoms specific to depression, and each item contains self-assessment sentences scored between 0-3 on a four-point Likert type that can describe depressive symptoms in the last week. The total score range on the scale varies between 0-63. The Turkish adaptation was made by Hisli (1989). The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.80.