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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07611760

Smoking, Pain Threshold, and Hand Strength in Women

This study aims to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, cervical position sense, and grip strength in women. Measurements will include pressure pain threshold (PPT), cervical position sense (CPS), grip strength, and pinch strength.

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Key information

Conditions

Smoking ( Cigarette) Behavior Cigarette Smoking Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms Smoking Tobacco Smoking Tobacco Use Women

Age range

18 year–45 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Karabuk University

Karabük, Karabük Province, 78050, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Smoking is widely recognized as one of the leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and constitutes a major public health problem. Smoking is thought to negatively influence pain perception, proprioceptive sensory feedback, and muscle performance. In this context, examining the combined effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional impact of smoking on the neuromuscular and sensory systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of smoking on pain threshold, CPS, and grip strength in women.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Women aged 18-45, both smokers and non-smokers

Exclusion criteria

  • Individuals with any diagnosed neurological, rheumatological, or musculoskeletal disorder (e.g., brachial plexus injury, cervical radiculopathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, neck pain, fibromyalgia),
  • upper extremity deformity,
  • migraine,
  • chronic headache
  • experienced neck or upper extremity injury or surgery within the previous six months

Treatment and study plan

observational study

Other

observational case control study

Primary outcomes

  1. Grip strenght

    Time frame: The measurements will be lasted 5-10 minutes.

    Participants will be instructed to grasp the device tip between the thumb and the lateral aspect of the index finger's middle phalanx and to apply maximal force for 3 seconds, followed by relaxation.

  2. Pain pressure threshold

    Time frame: The measurements will last 5-10 minutes.

    Measurements will obtained from anatomical landmarks that have been frequently used in previous studies and reported to be reliable and sensitive.

  3. Cervical Position Sense

    Time frame: The measurements will take 5-10 minutes.

    Using the CROM device, deviations from neutral head position were recorded in all three anatomical planes. With eyes closed, participants were then asked to perceive a target position passively guided by the examiner.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Karabuk University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Smoking on Pain Threshold, Cervical Position Sense, and Grip Strength in Women

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
May 28, 2026
Registry last updated
Jun 12, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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