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Active, Not Recruiting

NCT Number: NCT04722250

SMall Annuli Randomized To Evolut™ or SAPIEN™ Trial

The purpose of this trial is to generate clinical evidence on valve safety and performance of self-expanding (SE) versus balloon-expandable (BE) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in subjects with a small aortic annulus and symptomatic severe native aortic stenosis.

Additionally, a stress echocardiography sub-study will be conducted as part of the SMART Trial at select sites. The purpose of the sub-study is to evaluate performance of SE versus BE TAVR in subjects with a small aortic annulus and symptomatic severe native aortic stenosis after undergoing exercise stress echocardiographic testing.

Active, Not Recruiting

This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Providence Health-St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Loading trial locations.

About this study

This is a prospective, multi-center, international, randomized controlled, post-market trial.

The primary objectives of the trial are to demonstrate clinical non-inferiority and hemodynamic superiority of the Evolut PRO/PRO+/FX System when compared to subjects treated with the SAPIEN 3/3 Ultra System at 12 months post-procedure.

Subjects will be randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive TAVR with either a Medtronic SE Transcatheter Aortic Valve (TAV) or an Edwards BE Transcatheter Heart Valve (THV). Data will be collected at pre- and post-procedure, at discharge, at 30 days, and once a year until the 5-year follow-up is completed.

Product Names:

  • Medtronic Evolut PRO and Evolut PRO+ TAV Systems, Evolut FX System (Commercially available in the United States and may be used upon commercial availability in Canada.)
  • Edwards SAPIEN 3 and SAPIEN 3 Ultra THV Systems

The exercise stress echocardiographic testing at select SMART Trial sites seeks to evaluate the performance of the prosthetic aortic valve during exercise. The stress echocardiogram assessment will be conducted as part of the 12-month visit for participating subjects.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Heart Team agrees that the subject is deemed symptomatic and is a candidate for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
  • Subject has a predicted risk of operative mortality < 15% as determined by the local Heart Team
  • Subject has severe aortic stenosis as determined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at rest
  • Subject has a small aortic annulus as determined by Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)
  • Subject's anatomy is appropriate for both Medtronic Evolut PRO/PRO+/FX TAV and Edwards SAPIEN 3/3 Ultra TAV
  • Subject's anatomy is suitable for TAVR via transfemoral vessel access
  • Subject and the treating physician agree that the subject will return for all required post-procedure follow-up visits

Exclusion criteria

  • Estimated life expectancy of fewer than 2 years
  • Multivessel coronary artery disease with a Syntax score >32 and/or unprotected left main coronary artery(Syntax score calculation is not required for patients with history of previous revascularization if repeat revascularization is not planned).
  • Participating in another trial that may influence the outcome of this trial
  • Need for an emergent procedure for any reason
  • Contraindicated for treatment with the Evolut PRO/PRO+/FX and Edwards SAPIEN 3/3 Ultra TAV in accordance with the Instructions for Use
  • Other medical, social, or psychological conditions that in the opinion of the Investigator precludes the subject from appropriate consent or adherence to the protocol required follow-up exams
  • Pregnant, nursing, or planning to be pregnant
  • Subject is less than the legal age of consent, legally incompetent, unable to provide his/her own informed consent, or otherwise vulnerable
  • Subject has an active COVID-19 infection or relevant history of COVID-19
  • Previous aortic valve replacement

Treatment and study plan

Medtronic Evolut PRO, Evolut PRO+ or Evolut FX (where commercially available) TAV Systems

Device

TAVR treatment with Medtronic Evolut PRO, PRO+ System or Evolut FX System (where commercially available)

Edwards SAPIEN 3 or SAPIEN 3 Ultra THV Systems

Device

TAVR treatment with Edwards SAPIEN 3 or SAPIEN 3 Ultra System

Primary outcomes

  1. Mortality, Disabling Stroke or Heart Failure Rehospitalization

    Time frame: 12 months

    Percentage of participants with all-cause mortality, disabling stroke, or heart failure rehospitalization.

  2. Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction (BVD)

    Time frame: 12 months

    Percentage of participants with BVD as determined by echocardiography (hemodynamic structural valve dysfunction (aortic valve no longer works properly as measured by hemodynamic mean gradient ≥ 20mmHg), non-structural valve dysfunction (severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (valve is too small) and/or ≥ moderate total aortic regurgitation (backward flow of blood)), thrombosis (formation of a blood clot), endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium - the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves), or aortic valve re-intervention (a follow-up procedure to fix or replace the aortic prosthetic valve))

Secondary outcomes

  1. Percentage of Participants With BVD in Female Subjects

    Time frame: 12 months

    Percentage of participants with BVD as determined by echocardiography (hemodynamic structural valve dysfunction (aortic valve no longer works properly as measured by hemodynamic mean gradient ≥ 20mmHg), non-structural valve dysfunction (severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (valve is too small) and/or ≥ moderate total aortic regurgitation (backward flow of blood)), thrombosis (formation of a blood clot), endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium - the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves), or aortic valve re-intervention (a follow-up procedure to fix or replace the aortic prosthetic valve)).

  2. Percentage of Participants With Hemodynamic Structural Valve Dysfunction (HSVD)

    Time frame: 12 months

    HSVD is defined as hemodynamic mean gradient ≥ 20mmHg on any echocardiogram after implant procedure.

  3. Hemodynamic Mean Gradient as Continuous Variable

    Time frame: 12 months

    Mean aortic gradient as measured by echocardiogram at the 12-month visit.

  4. Effective Orifice Area (EOA) as a Continuous Variable

    Time frame: 12 months

    Effective Orifice Area (EOA) as measured by echocardiogram at the 12-month visit.

  5. Rate of Moderate or Severe Prothesis-patient Mismatch (PPM)

    Time frame: 30 days

    Moderate or severe PPM will be defined as follows:

    For subjects with BMI < 30 kg/m2

    • Moderate PPM: EOAI = 0.85 - 0.65 cm2/m2
    • Severe PPM: EOAI = ≤ 0.65 cm2/m2

    For subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2

    • Moderate PPM: EOAI = 0.70 - 0.55 cm2/m2
    • Severe PPM: EOAI = ≤ 0.55 cm2/m2

Other outcomes

  1. Device Success

    Time frame: 30 days

    Device Success is defined as meeting all of the following:

    Freedom from mortality AND Correct positioning of a single prosthetic heart valve into the proper anatomical location AND Intended performance of the prosthetic heart valve (no prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) and mean aortic valve gradient <20 mmHg or peak velocity <3 m/s) AND No moderate or severe prosthetic valve regurgitation)

  2. Incidence of an Early Safety Composite

    Time frame: 30 days

    Incidence of an early safety composite at 30 days defined as:

    • All-cause mortality
    • All stroke (disabling and non-disabling)
    • Life-threatening bleeding
    • Acute kidney injury-Stage 2 or 3 (including renal replacement therapy)
    • Coronary artery obstruction requiring intervention
    • Major vascular complication
    • Valve-related dysfunction requiring repeat procedure (BAV, TAVR, or SAVR)
  3. Hospital Readmission Rate for Any Cause

    Time frame: 30 days

  4. Incidence of Clinical Efficacy

    Time frame: 12 months

    Incidence of clinical efficacy (after 30 days) at 12 months defined as a composite of:

    • All-cause mortality
    • All stroke (disabling and non-disabling)
    • Requiring hospitalizations for valve-related symptoms or worsening congestive heart failure
    • NYHA class III or IV
    • Valve-related dysfunction (mean aortic valve gradient ≥20 mmHg, EOA ≤0.9-1.1 cm2 and/or Doppler velocity index (DVI) <0. 35m/s, AND/OR moderate or severe prosthetic valve regurgitation)
  5. Percentage of Participants With Individual Clinical Endpoint Components Including Mortality, Disabling Stroke and Heart Failure Rehospitalization

    Time frame: 12 months and 2 Years

  6. New Pacemaker Implantation Rate

    Time frame: 30 days, 12 Months, 2 Years

    Note: This section is excluding subjects with pacemaker or ICD at baseline.

  7. Aortic Valve Re-intervention Rate

    Time frame: 30 days, 12 months, 2 Years

    Aortic valve re-intervention rate as measured as the percentage of patients that had a procedure to fix or replace their prosthetic valve at the 30 days, 12 months and 2 Year visit.

  8. 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) Change From Baseline

    Time frame: 30 days, 12 Months and 2 Years

  9. Quality of Life (QoL) Change From Baseline (EuroQol- 5 Dimension [EQ-5D])

    Time frame: 30 days, 12 Months and 2 Years

    EuroQol Group developed this Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire referred to as EQ-5D that includes a descriptive system comprising five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems.

    The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. The answers given to ED-5D can be converted into EQ-5D index and utility scores anchored at 0 for death and 1 for perfect health. The EQ-5D Index Score is calculated for each study participant and the descriptive statistical summary of the EQ-5D score for the study population is provided. The EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score is a scale numbered 0 to 100 (0 is the worse health the patient can imagine and 100 is the best health the patient can imagine).

  10. Quality of Life (QoL) Change From Baseline (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire [KCCQ]

    Time frame: 30 days, 12 Months and 2 Years

    Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ): Quantifies physical function, symptoms, social function, selfefficacy and knowledge, and quality of life. Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status.

    Note: This is the overall summary score for KCCQ.

  11. Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction (BVD)

    Time frame: 2 Years

    Percentage of participants with BVD as determined by echocardiography (hemodynamic structural valve dysfunction (aortic valve no longer works properly as measured by hemodynamic mean gradient ≥ 20mmHg), non-structural valve dysfunction (severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (valve is too small) and/or ≥ moderate total aortic regurgitation (backward flow of blood)), thrombosis (formation of a blood clot), endocarditis (inflammation of the endocardium - the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves), or aortic valve re-intervention (a follow-up procedure to fix or replace the aortic prosthetic valve))

  12. Effective Orifice Area (EOA) as a Continuous Variable

    Time frame: Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

    Effective Orifice Area (EOA) as measured by echocardiogram at the following intervals: Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

  13. Hemodynamic Mean Gradient as a Continuous Variable

    Time frame: Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

    Mean aortic gradient as measured by echocardiogram at the following intervals: Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

  14. Rate of Paravalvular Leak (PVL) by Degree of Severity

    Time frame: Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

    Paravalvular Leak as measured by the percentage of participants that had none, trace, mild, moderate and severe, at Discharge, 30 Days, 12 Months and 2 Years

  15. Mean Gradient ≥ 20 mmHg Based on Stress Echocardiogram

    Time frame: 12 months

    Mean gradient ≥ 20 mmHg based on stress echocardiogram at select sites.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Medtronic Cardiovascular

Industry

Registry information

Acronym: SMART

Important dates

Study start
2021
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2027
First posted
Jan 25, 2021
Registry last updated
Jun 2, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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