Sirolimus vs Corticosteroids in Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease

Grave's disease is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Thyroid eye disease is affecting nearly 50% of patients with Grave's disease. European guidelines recommend treating patients with serious TED in the acute face with intravenous steroids for 12 weeks. This treatment is burdened with metabolic complications, like raised blood pressure, high blood glucose, worsening of diabetes, osteoporosis, and weight gain. In addition, peptic ulcer and psychological disturbances are frequently seen. Long-term treatment with high doses of steroids could also suppress the corticotropic axis for a variable time period, giving temporary iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency. It is paramount to develop a treatment with equal or better effect and fewer complications for this group of patients. Recently, Teprotumumab, which act by inhibiting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), has been introduced in treatment of TED. This represents a new area in the anti-inflammatory treatment of the disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of Sirolimus has not been examined in patients with TED, but there are two promising case-reports describing excellent response. Sirolimus have multiple immunosuppressive actions that may be favourable in the inflammatory response in TED. These are: inhibiting T-cell activation, anti-fibroblast effect and blocking the IGF-1 pathway. In contrast to other immunosuppressive drugs, Sirolimus is associated few side effects at low doses.

The investigators are planning a comparative study of conventional treatment (corticosteroids) compared with Sirolimus, regarding clinical outcomes and adverse effects. The investigators plan to include a total of 60 patients (30 in each group) with moderate to severe TED over a period of approximately 3 years.

Inclusion criteria

• The participant want treatment for active thyroid eye disease and is willing to be included in the study
• Clinical diagnosis of Graves' disease associated with active TED with a Clinical Activity Score (CAS) ≥ 4 (on the 7-item scale)
• Moderate-to-severe active TED (not sight-threatening but has an appreciable impact on daily life), usually associated with one or more of the following: lid retraction ≥ 2 mm, moderate or severe soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos ≥ 3 mm above normal for race and gender, and/or inconstant or constant diplopia
• Onset of active TED symptoms (as determined by participant records) within 9 months prior to inculsion
• Participants must be euthyroid with the Graves disease under control or have mild hypo- or hyperthyroidism (defined as free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine levels < 50% above or below the normal limits).
• Does not require immediate surgical ophthalmological intervention and is not planning corrective surgery/irradiation during the course of the study
• Diabetic participants must have well-controlled stable disease (defined as HbA1C < 9.0% with no new diabetic medication [oral or insulin] or more than a 10% change in the dose of a currently prescribed diabetic medication within 60 days prior to Screening)
• Women of childbearing potential (including those with an onset of menopause <2 years prior to Screening, non-therapy-induced amenorrhea for <12 months prior to Screening, or not surgically sterile [absence of ovaries and/or uterus]) must have a negative serum pregnancy test at Screening and negative urine pregnancy tests at all protocol-specified timepoints (i.e., prior to each dose and through Week 48 of the Follow-Up Period); participants who are sexually active with a non-vasectomized male partner must agree to use 2 reliable forms of contraception during the trial, one of which is recommended to be hormonal, such as an oral contraceptive. Hormonal contraception must be started at least one full cycle prior to Baseline and continue for 180 days after the last dose of study drug. Highly effective contraceptive methods (with a failure rate less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly, includes implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence or vasectomized partner
• Male participants must be surgically sterile or, if sexually active with a female partner of childbearing potential, must agree to use barrier contraceptive method from Screening through 180 days after the last dose of study drug
• Active Influenza and Pneumococcal vaccines

Exclusion criteria

• The participant dont want treatment for active thyroid eye disease or dont want to participate in the study
• Decreased vision due to optic neuropathy as defined by a significant decrease in best corrected visual acuity, new visual field defect, or color defect secondary to optic nerve involvement within the last 6 months
• Corneal decompensation unresponsive to medical management
• Previous orbital irradiation or surgery for TED Any steroid use (intravenous [IV] or oral) with a cumulative dose equivalent to ≥ 1 g of methylprednisolone for the treatment of TED. Previous steroid use (IV or oral) with a cumulative dose of <1 g methylprednisolone or equivalent for the treatment of TED and previous use of steroid eye drops is allowed if the corticosteroid was discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to inclusion
• Corticosteroid use for conditions other than TED within 4 weeks prior to inclusion (topical steroids for dermatological conditions and inhaled steroids are allowed)
• Selenium and biotin must be discontinued 3 weeks prior to Screening and must not be restarted during the clinical trial; however, taking a multivitamin that includes selenium and/or biotin is allowed
• Use of any other non-steroid immunosuppressive including agent, new biologic drugs within 3 months prior to Screening
• Use of an investigational agent for any condition within 60 days prior to inclusion or anticipated use during the course of the trial
• Identified pre-existing ophthalmic disease that, in the judgment of the Investigator, would preclude study participation or complicate interpretation of study results
• Bleeding diathesis that in the judgment of the Investigator would preclude inclusion in the clinical trial
• Malignant condition in the past 12 months (except successfully treated basal/squamous cell carcinoma of the skin)
• Pregnant or lactating women
• Current drug or alcohol abuse, or history of either within the previous 2 years, in the opinion of the Investigator or as reported by the participant
• Biopsy-proven or clinically suspected inflammatory bowel disease
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the components Sirolimus.
• Any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude inclusion in the study
• Previous enrollment in this study
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, hepatitis C or hepatitis B infections