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NCT Number: NCT07720050

Shoulder Pain, Core Endurance, and Scapular Control in Adolescent Volleyball Players

Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in adolescent volleyball players because of repetitive overhead activities such as serving and spiking. Although impaired scapular control and reduced core endurance have been suggested as potential contributors to shoulder pain, their combined relationship has not been sufficiently investigated in young volleyball athletes.

This observational cross-sectional study aims to examine the relationship between shoulder pain, core endurance, and scapular control in licensed adolescent volleyball players aged 14 to 18 years. Participants with and without shoulder pain will undergo standardized assessments, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Scapular Dyskinesis Test for scapular control, and the McGill Core Endurance Test Battery for trunk muscle endurance. The findings are expected to improve the understanding of factors associated with shoulder pain and contribute to the development of injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for adolescent volleyball players.

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Key information

Conditions

Shoulder Pain Arthralgia Core Endurance Joint Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Scapular Dyskinesis Signs and Symptoms

Age range

14 year–18 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Istanbul Gelisim University

Istanbul, 34310, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Female licensed volleyball players aged 14 to 18 years.
  • Participation in regular volleyball training at least three times per week.
  • Dominant upper extremity identified.
  • Ability to understand the study procedures and provide informed assent.
  • Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian for participants younger than 18 years.

Exclusion criteria

  • Shoulder surgery within the previous 6 months.
  • Acute upper extremity or spinal injury.
  • History of fracture affecting the upper extremity or spine.
  • Neurological disorders affecting upper extremity function.
  • Systemic rheumatologic disease.

Treatment and study plan

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

Diagnostic Test

Assessment of shoulder pain intensity using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale.

scapular dyskinesis test

Diagnostic Test

Clinical assessment of scapular movement and control during repeated arm elevation.

McGill Core Endurance Test Battery

Diagnostic Test

Assessment of trunk muscle endurance using flexor, extensor, and lateral bridge endurance tests.

Primary outcomes

  1. Core Muscle Endurance

    Time frame: Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1)

    Core muscle endurance will be assessed using the McGill Core Endurance Test Battery, including trunk flexor, extensor, and bilateral side bridge endurance tests. Endurance time will be recorded in seconds.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Scapular Control

    Time frame: Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1)

    Scapular control will be evaluated using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. The presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis will be recorded during repeated arm elevation.

  2. Shoulder Pain Intensity

    Time frame: Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1)

    Shoulder pain intensity will be assessed using the 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Istanbul Gelisim University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Investigation of the Relationship Between Shoulder Pain, Core Endurance, and Scapular Control in Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 22, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 22, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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