Short and Long Term Multiple Outcomes in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Treated by Fampridine.

The 6MWT assessed the submaximal level of functional capacity. It was realized according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society. 6MWT instructions were read prior to each walk. Participants used his/her typical assistive device and walked around a circuit with 24-meters longer. If necessary, they were allowed to have a rest period and encouragement phrases were used each 30 seconds.

Both semantic and phonological verbal fluencies were assessed in a quiet room. Semantic fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many animal names as possible in 120 s. Different kinds of one sort of animal were accepted (e.g. kinds of birds or fish). Phonological fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many words as possible beginning with the letter 'P' in 120 s. They were informed that proper nouns and words with the same stem would not be counted (e.g. pen, pencil). Patients were instructed to avoid repetitions.

Both semantic and phonological verbal fluencies were assessed in a quiet room. Semantic fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many animal names as possible in 120 s. Different kinds of one sort of animal were accepted (e.g. kinds of birds or fish). Phonological fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many words as possible beginning with the letter 'P' in 120 s. They were informed that proper nouns and words with the same stem would not be counted (e.g. pen, pencil). Patients were instructed to avoid repetitions.

Both semantic and phonological verbal fluencies were assessed in a quiet room. Semantic fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many animal names as possible in 120 s. Different kinds of one sort of animal were accepted (e.g. kinds of birds or fish). Phonological fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many words as possible beginning with the letter 'P' in 120 s. They were informed that proper nouns and words with the same stem would not be counted (e.g. pen, pencil). Patients were instructed to avoid repetitions.

Both semantic and phonological verbal fluencies were assessed in a quiet room. Semantic fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many animal names as possible in 120 s. Different kinds of one sort of animal were accepted (e.g. kinds of birds or fish). Phonological fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many words as possible beginning with the letter 'P' in 120 s. They were informed that proper nouns and words with the same stem would not be counted (e.g. pen, pencil). Patients were instructed to avoid repetitions.

Both semantic and phonological verbal fluencies were assessed in a quiet room. Semantic fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many animal names as possible in 120 s. Different kinds of one sort of animal were accepted (e.g. kinds of birds or fish). Phonological fluency was measured by asking patients to provide as many words as possible beginning with the letter 'P' in 120 s. They were informed that proper nouns and words with the same stem would not be counted (e.g. pen, pencil). Patients were instructed to avoid repetitions.

The SDMT has a key at the top of the page with numbers and symbols; participants are required to refer to the key to correctly decode several lines of symbols. After completing sample items correctly, participants are timed for 90 s and the total number correct is their raw score. Only correct answers were account to the final score.

The SDMT has a key at the top of the page with numbers and symbols; participants are required to refer to the key to correctly decode several lines of symbols. After completing sample items correctly, participants are timed for 90 s and the total number correct is their raw score. Only correct answers were account to the final score.

The SDMT has a key at the top of the page with numbers and symbols; participants are required to refer to the key to correctly decode several lines of symbols. After completing sample items correctly, participants are timed for 90 s and the total number correct is their raw score. Only correct answers were account to the final score.

The SDMT has a key at the top of the page with numbers and symbols; participants are required to refer to the key to correctly decode several lines of symbols. After completing sample items correctly, participants are timed for 90 s and the total number correct is their raw score. Only correct answers were account to the final score.

The SDMT has a key at the top of the page with numbers and symbols; participants are required to refer to the key to correctly decode several lines of symbols. After completing sample items correctly, participants are timed for 90 s and the total number correct is their raw score. Only correct answers were account to the final score.

The FIS is a 40-item Standardized questionnaire validated for MS. For our study, we used the validated French version of the FIS in MS, called "EMIF-SEP". The EMIF-SEP is composed of 40 items organized into four dimensions (cognitive, physical, social role and psychological dimensions) with each items rated on a four point scale (4=it's always true, 3=it's sometimes true, 2=it's sometimes false, 1=it's always false) and the total fatigue scores are standardized from 0 (meaning no fatigue) to 100 (meaning high degree of fatigue). The forty items are divided into the four dimensions: cognitive (10 items), physical (14 items), social role (13 items) and psychological (4 items). Each dimension score was also standardized as a percentage like total score.

The FIS is a 40-item Standardized questionnaire validated for MS. For our study, we used the validated French version of the FIS in MS, called "EMIF-SEP". The EMIF-SEP is composed of 40 items organized into four dimensions (cognitive, physical, social role and psychological dimensions) with each items rated on a four point scale (4=it's always true, 3=it's sometimes true, 2=it's sometimes false, 1=it's always false) and the total fatigue scores are standardized from 0 (meaning no fatigue) to 100 (meaning high degree of fatigue). The forty items are divided into the four dimensions: cognitive (10 items), physical (14 items), social role (13 items) and psychological (4 items). Each dimension score was also standardized as a percentage like total score.

The FIS is a 40-item Standardized questionnaire validated for MS. For our study, we used the validated French version of the FIS in MS, called "EMIF-SEP". The EMIF-SEP is composed of 40 items organized into four dimensions (cognitive, physical, social role and psychological dimensions) with each items rated on a four point scale (4=it's always true, 3=it's sometimes true, 2=it's sometimes false, 1=it's always false) and the total fatigue scores are standardized from 0 (meaning no fatigue) to 100 (meaning high degree of fatigue). The forty items are divided into the four dimensions: cognitive (10 items), physical (14 items), social role (13 items) and psychological (4 items). Each dimension score was also standardized as a percentage like total score.

The FIS is a 40-item Standardized questionnaire validated for MS. For our study, we used the validated French version of the FIS in MS, called "EMIF-SEP". The EMIF-SEP is composed of 40 items organized into four dimensions (cognitive, physical, social role and psychological dimensions) with each items rated on a four point scale (4=it's always true, 3=it's sometimes true, 2=it's sometimes false, 1=it's always false) and the total fatigue scores are standardized from 0 (meaning no fatigue) to 100 (meaning high degree of fatigue). The forty items are divided into the four dimensions: cognitive (10 items), physical (14 items), social role (13 items) and psychological (4 items). Each dimension score was also standardized as a percentage like total score.

The FIS is a 40-item Standardized questionnaire validated for MS. For our study, we used the validated French version of the FIS in MS, called "EMIF-SEP". The EMIF-SEP is composed of 40 items organized into four dimensions (cognitive, physical, social role and psychological dimensions) with each items rated on a four point scale (4=it's always true, 3=it's sometimes true, 2=it's sometimes false, 1=it's always false) and the total fatigue scores are standardized from 0 (meaning no fatigue) to 100 (meaning high degree of fatigue). The forty items are divided into the four dimensions: cognitive (10 items), physical (14 items), social role (13 items) and psychological (4 items). Each dimension score was also standardized as a percentage like total score.

The FSS is a method of evaluating fatigue in PwMS and other conditions, including chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The FSS is designed to differentiate fatigue from clinical depression because both share some of the same symptoms. The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 statements related to patients' subjective perception of fatigue and its consequences on everyday activities. Patients are asked to rate their level of agreement (toward 7) or disagreement (toward 0) with the 9 statements.

The FSS is a method of evaluating fatigue in PwMS and other conditions, including chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The FSS is designed to differentiate fatigue from clinical depression because both share some of the same symptoms. The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 statements related to patients' subjective perception of fatigue and its consequences on everyday activities. Patients are asked to rate their level of agreement (toward 7) or disagreement (toward 0) with the 9 statements.

The FSS is a method of evaluating fatigue in PwMS and other conditions, including chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The FSS is designed to differentiate fatigue from clinical depression because both share some of the same symptoms. The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 statements related to patients' subjective perception of fatigue and its consequences on everyday activities. Patients are asked to rate their level of agreement (toward 7) or disagreement (toward 0) with the 9 statements.

The FSS is a method of evaluating fatigue in PwMS and other conditions, including chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The FSS is designed to differentiate fatigue from clinical depression because both share some of the same symptoms. The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 statements related to patients' subjective perception of fatigue and its consequences on everyday activities. Patients are asked to rate their level of agreement (toward 7) or disagreement (toward 0) with the 9 statements.

The FSS is a method of evaluating fatigue in PwMS and other conditions, including chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. The FSS is designed to differentiate fatigue from clinical depression because both share some of the same symptoms. The FSS questionnaire is composed of 9 statements related to patients' subjective perception of fatigue and its consequences on everyday activities. Patients are asked to rate their level of agreement (toward 7) or disagreement (toward 0) with the 9 statements.

The original scoring provides options 1-5 for each item, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation on the gait-related item.

The original scoring provides options 1-5 for each item, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation on the gait-related item.

The original scoring provides options 1-5 for each item, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation on the gait-related item.

The original scoring provides options 1-5 for each item, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation on the gait-related item.

The original scoring provides options 1-5 for each item, with 1 meaning no limitation and 5 meaning extreme limitation on the gait-related item.

The PERSEPP scale was used to evaluate the HRQoL of patients with MS (Baroin et al. 2013). This scale takes into account several aspects of HRQoL distributed across 66 items (described below) and includes relapse phases. Each item contains 6 response types according to a Likert scale where "0" was "strongly disagree" and "5" was "strongly agree". The PERSEPP scale has been validated in the French language

The PERSEPP scale was used to evaluate the HRQoL of patients with MS (Baroin et al. 2013). This scale takes into account several aspects of HRQoL distributed across 66 items (described below) and includes relapse phases. Each item contains 6 response types according to a Likert scale where "0" was "strongly disagree" and "5" was "strongly agree". The PERSEPP scale has been validated in the French language

The PERSEPP scale was used to evaluate the HRQoL of patients with MS (Baroin et al. 2013). This scale takes into account several aspects of HRQoL distributed across 66 items (described below) and includes relapse phases. Each item contains 6 response types according to a Likert scale where "0" was "strongly disagree" and "5" was "strongly agree". The PERSEPP scale has been validated in the French language

The PERSEPP scale was used to evaluate the HRQoL of patients with MS (Baroin et al. 2013). This scale takes into account several aspects of HRQoL distributed across 66 items (described below) and includes relapse phases. Each item contains 6 response types according to a Likert scale where "0" was "strongly disagree" and "5" was "strongly agree". The PERSEPP scale has been validated in the French language

The PERSEPP scale was used to evaluate the HRQoL of patients with MS (Baroin et al. 2013). This scale takes into account several aspects of HRQoL distributed across 66 items (described below) and includes relapse phases. Each item contains 6 response types according to a Likert scale where "0" was "strongly disagree" and "5" was "strongly agree". The PERSEPP scale has been validated in the French language

The physical activity in real-life condition was measured with an ActiGraph, model wGT3X (Actigraph corp, USA), consistent with previous research on validating accelerometer output in PwMS. The accelerometer was sampled at 30 Hz and values were expressed as number of counts per minute. Participants were instructed to wear the accelerometer on an elastic belt around the waist (i.e. near to the center of displacement of body mass) located above the hip at the non-dominant side ; to wear it for a 7-day period (including a weekend); and to wear it for the whole day from getting out of bed in the morning until getting into bed in the evening. These instructions were summarized in a memo and given to participants.

The physical activity in real-life condition was measured with an ActiGraph, model wGT3X (Actigraph corp, USA), consistent with previous research on validating accelerometer output in PwMS. The accelerometer was sampled at 30 Hz and values were expressed as number of counts per minute. Participants were instructed to wear the accelerometer on an elastic belt around the waist (i.e. near to the center of displacement of body mass) located above the hip at the non-dominant side ; to wear it for a 7-day period (including a weekend); and to wear it for the whole day from getting out of bed in the morning until getting into bed in the evening. These instructions were summarized in a memo and given to participants.

According with the recommendation of Cutter et al., participants were asked to walk on a 25 feet (7.62 m) distance. After appropriate instructions and familiarization, participants were asked to perform three gait tasks: walking at their self-selected comfortable speed .

According with the recommendation of Cutter et al., participants were asked to walk on a 25 feet (7.62 m) distance. After appropriate instructions and familiarization, participants were asked to perform three gait tasks: walking at their self-selected comfortable speed .

According with the recommendation of Cutter et al., participants were asked to walk on a 25 feet (7.62 m) distance. After appropriate instructions and familiarization, participants were asked to perform three gait tasks: walking at their self-selected comfortable speed .

According with the recommendation of Cutter et al., participants were asked to walk on a 25 feet (7.62 m) distance. After appropriate instructions and familiarization, participants were asked to perform three gait tasks: walking at their self-selected comfortable speed .

According with the recommendation of Cutter et al., participants were asked to walk on a 25 feet (7.62 m) distance. After appropriate instructions and familiarization, participants were asked to perform three gait tasks: walking at their self-selected comfortable speed .

The TUG is a clinical test to assess the level of gait and balance. For its realization, a 47-cm-high chair with arm- and backrest was used. The 3-meters distance was marked with a tape on the floor and a cone marked the turning point. Participants were instructed to get up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around the cone and come back to sit on the chair. Participants were encouraged to walk as quickly as possible with safety consistency. After a familiarization trial, the TUG was performed twice. A third trial was applied if a difference of 10% was found between the two first trials. The mean value computed from the two closest trials was taken into account.

The TUG is a clinical test to assess the level of gait and balance. For its realization, a 47-cm-high chair with arm- and backrest was used. The 3-meters distance was marked with a tape on the floor and a cone marked the turning point. Participants were instructed to get up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around the cone and come back to sit on the chair. Participants were encouraged to walk as quickly as possible with safety consistency. After a familiarization trial, the TUG was performed twice. A third trial was applied if a difference of 10% was found between the two first trials. The mean value computed from the two closest trials was taken into account.

The TUG is a clinical test to assess the level of gait and balance. For its realization, a 47-cm-high chair with arm- and backrest was used. The 3-meters distance was marked with a tape on the floor and a cone marked the turning point. Participants were instructed to get up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around the cone and come back to sit on the chair. Participants were encouraged to walk as quickly as possible with safety consistency. After a familiarization trial, the TUG was performed twice. A third trial was applied if a difference of 10% was found between the two first trials. The mean value computed from the two closest trials was taken into account.

The TUG is a clinical test to assess the level of gait and balance. For its realization, a 47-cm-high chair with arm- and backrest was used. The 3-meters distance was marked with a tape on the floor and a cone marked the turning point. Participants were instructed to get up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around the cone and come back to sit on the chair. Participants were encouraged to walk as quickly as possible with safety consistency. After a familiarization trial, the TUG was performed twice. A third trial was applied if a difference of 10% was found between the two first trials. The mean value computed from the two closest trials was taken into account.

The TUG is a clinical test to assess the level of gait and balance. For its realization, a 47-cm-high chair with arm- and backrest was used. The 3-meters distance was marked with a tape on the floor and a cone marked the turning point. Participants were instructed to get up from the chair, walk 3 meters, turn around the cone and come back to sit on the chair. Participants were encouraged to walk as quickly as possible with safety consistency. After a familiarization trial, the TUG was performed twice. A third trial was applied if a difference of 10% was found between the two first trials. The mean value computed from the two closest trials was taken into account.

The 6MWT assessed the submaximal level of functional capacity. It was realized according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society. 6MWT instructions were read prior to each walk. Participants used his/her typical assistive device and walked around a circuit with 24-meters longer. If necessary, they were allowed to have a rest period and encouragement phrases were used each 30 seconds.

The 6MWT assessed the submaximal level of functional capacity. It was realized according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society. 6MWT instructions were read prior to each walk. Participants used his/her typical assistive device and walked around a circuit with 24-meters longer. If necessary, they were allowed to have a rest period and encouragement phrases were used each 30 seconds.

The 6MWT assessed the submaximal level of functional capacity. It was realized according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society. 6MWT instructions were read prior to each walk. Participants used his/her typical assistive device and walked around a circuit with 24-meters longer. If necessary, they were allowed to have a rest period and encouragement phrases were used each 30 seconds.

The 6MWT assessed the submaximal level of functional capacity. It was realized according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society. 6MWT instructions were read prior to each walk. Participants used his/her typical assistive device and walked around a circuit with 24-meters longer. If necessary, they were allowed to have a rest period and encouragement phrases were used each 30 seconds.