Serum Galectin-3 as a Marker of Human Papillomavirus Infection

Primary outcomes

1. Serum Galectin-3 levels assessment in patients with cutaneous warts.

   Time frame: 1 year

   3 ml of venous blood from each patient and control was drawn under strict aseptic conditions employing a single-use plastic syringe. Once the blood had been collected, it was put in a simple tube without an anticoagulant and left there for 30 minutes at room temperature until coagulation had taken place. The tubes were then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 20 minutes. For further examination, an aliquot of the serum was taken and stored at 20 degrees Celsius. Human Galectin-3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits with the catalogue number (ELK2790) from ELK Biotechnology CO., LTD, Wuhan, China, were used to quantify serum Gal-3 in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2. look at Galectin-3 serum level conceivable contribution to the aetiology of HPV infection, and determine how cryotherapy affected serum Galectin-3 levels.

   Time frame: 1 year

   All patients had a thorough medical history taken, which included information on their age, sex, occupation, the number of warts, their location, size, and past treatments, as well as any previous systemic or skin conditions or drug use. A thorough examination was performed on each patient to determine the location, kind, size, and number of warts as well as to rule out any systemic or other skin conditions.

   Before and two weeks after the last cryotherapy treatment session, serum Galectin-3 was assessed. Every patient had a cryotherapy session every 2 weeks until complete clearance for a maximum of six sessions and follow-up was done at 3 months after treatment completion to detect any recurrence. Each wart was frozen using the spray technique by CRY-AC Liquid Nitrogen Dispenser Brymill, USA for 10 to 30 seconds until an ice ball halo of 1 to 2 mm diameter encircled the intended area.