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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07521163

Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Cervical Cancer Knowledge and HPV Vaccine Attitudes in Women

This study evaluated the effect of a Health Belief Model-based educational intervention on women's knowledge of cervical cancer and their attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination. The study was conducted among women aged 18-49 years attending a primary health care center in Van, Türkiye. Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a structured, face-to-face educational program, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected using validated questionnaires before and after the intervention. The findings contributed to a better understanding of strategies to improve preventive health behaviors and increase HPV vaccination awareness among women.

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Key information

Conditions

Cervical Cancer Adherence Interventions Behavior Communicable Diseases DNA Virus Infections Disease Attributes Female Urogenital Diseases Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Genital Diseases Genital Diseases, Female Genital Neoplasms, Female Health Behavior Health Education Human Papillomavirus Infection Infections Medication Adherence Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Papillomavirus Infections Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Patient Acceptance of Health Care Patient Compliance Preventive Health Services Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Treatment Adherence and Compliance Tumor Virus Infections Urogenital Diseases Urogenital Neoplasms Uterine Cervical Diseases Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Uterine Diseases Uterine Neoplasms Virus Diseases

Age range

18 year–49 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Tusba Training Family Health Center

Van, 65100, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest controlled intervention designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based educational program on women's cervical cancer knowledge and HPV vaccination attitudes in a primary care setting. The study was conducted at the Tusba Training Family Health Center in Van, Türkiye, between March 2026 and May 2026.

The study population consisted of women aged 18-49 years attending the Tusba Training Family Health Center. Women who met the inclusion criteria and provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study. A total of 154 participants were assigned to the intervention (n = 77) and control (n = 77) groups using a systematic allocation approach based on the order of admission. Baseline data were collected using a Participant Information Form, the Cervical Cancer Knowledge Scale, and the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS).

The intervention group received a structured educational program based on the Health Belief Model. The program consisted of two face-to-face sessions lasting approximately 30-40 minutes each. The educational content included information on cervical cancer, risk factors, screening methods, HPV infection, HPV vaccination, and common misconceptions. The program was structured around the key constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

The control group received routine primary health care services without any additional structured educational intervention.

Post-intervention data were collected approximately 15 days after completion of the educational program using the same measurement instruments. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including descriptive statistics and comparative tests for within-group and between-group differences. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

The study did not involve any invasive procedures, biological sample collection, or pharmaceutical interventions. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with ethical principles, and participant confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Women aged 18-49 years
  • Applied to a Family Health Center
  • Parents of adolescent girls (aged 10-18 years)
  • Able to read and write Turkish
  • Voluntarily agreed to participate in the study
  • Provided written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Previous HPV vaccination
  • Diagnosis of cervical cancer
  • Cognitive or psychiatric disorders that interfered with communication

Treatment and study plan

Health Belief Model-Based Education

Behavioral

A structured face-to-face educational program based on the Health Belief Model consisting of two sessions (30-40 minutes each) covering cervical cancer, HPV infection, cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccination, common misconceptions, and the key Health Belief Model constructs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Cervical Cancer Knowledge Score

    Time frame: Baseline and 15 days post-intervention

    Change in participants' knowledge of cervical cancer was assessed using the Cervical Cancer Knowledge Scale. The scale consists of 20 items, with total scores ranging from 0 to 20, where higher scores indicate greater knowledge about cervical cancer. Measurements were conducted before the educational intervention and 15 days after the intervention.

  2. Change in HPV Vaccination Attitudes and Beliefs Score

    Time frame: Baseline and 15 days post-intervention

    Change in participants' attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination was assessed using the Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS). The scale consists of 16 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 16 to 64, where higher scores indicate more negative attitudes and beliefs toward HPV vaccination. Measurements were conducted before the intervention and 15 days after the intervention.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Muhammet Faruk Yigit

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effect of a Health Belief Model Based Education Program on Women's Cervical Cancer Knowledge and HPV Vaccination Attitudes in Primary Care Settings: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-test-Posttest Controlled Study

Acronym: HBM-HPV

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Apr 9, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 16, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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