Role of Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain Injury (TBI) is a brain affection occurring due to whether external blunt or penetrating trauma applied to the head. It may results from gun-shot, car accident, falling, assault or even suicide. Recently, TBI is considered one of the major leading causes to disability and death . Also variant neurological diseases e.g. neurodegenerative and demential diseases are reported as long term complication of TBI . According to Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) TBI is defined as an external force applied to the head that causes varying degrees of damage to the brain and classified into mild, moderate and sever types according to Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). Globally in 2014, epidemiological estimations reported 2.53 million TBI-related emergency department (ED) visits from CDC documentation and in 2019, incidence of TBI was 27.16 million accounting for 346 per 100,000 populations and affecting the global economy what made it a major public health problem.

As TBI is a comorbid, disabling and a significant factor in world-wide morality; a lot of research papers are conducted concerning pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, management, and treatment especially in neurosurgical field. From etiological view, falling is the most common factor for TBI followed by motor and motor-cyclic accidents. Concerning of age, the most vularnable group is elderly people who aged above 65 years followed by pediatrics aged below 4 years .

Epidemiologic estimates about TBI and its mortality rate faces difficulty because of some mild cases don't go to ED and some of sever cases died after accident.

in the last decade, research papers reported electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and abnormalities in patients with brain injury whether it is pathological as stroke or traumatic by external force. The cause of ECG changes in TBI patients is still searched but one of the explanations suggesting that it occurs due to autonomic instability and cardiac dysfunction as myocardial ischemic - like changes.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patients aged ≥ 18 years.
• In-patient diagnosed with any degree of isolated TBI.

Exclusion criteria

• Pediatric TBI patients aged below 18 years.

• Poly-traumatic patients.
• Cardiac arrest after trauma before arrival ED .
• Cardiac patients