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NCT Number: NCT07607431

Risk Factors, Incidence, and Progression of Lymphedema Among Men With Prostate Cancer. The AWARE Cohort

The goal of this observational study is to examine the development and impact of lymphedema in men treated for prostate cancer. Lymphedema is swelling caused by damage to the lymphatic system and may develop after surgery with lymph node removal or after radiotherapy.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

How many men develop lower limb lymphedema after prostate cancer treatment? Which men are at highest risk of developing lymphedema? How does lymphedema affect quality of life?

Participants will attend follow-up visits every three months for 18 months at one of three Danish hospital sites: Rigshospitalet, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, or Zealand University Hospital. At each visit, participants will undergo examinations for signs of lymphedema and complete questionnaires about symptoms, quality of life, and daily functioning. Participants who develop signs of lymphedema during the study will be advised to seek assessment and treatment from the hospital's lymphedema therapist.

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This study is active but is not currently recruiting participants.

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Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

Male

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

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Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age ≥18 years
  • Men diagnosed with any stage prostate cancer
  • Planned prostatectomy with lymph node removal or radiotherapy
  • Able to understand Danish

Exclusion criteria

  • History of lymph node dissection/radiotherapy at the level of the pelvic or groin

Treatment and study plan

Radical Prostatectomy and Radiotherapy

Other

Participants receive either radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection or radiotherapy to the pelvic region as part of standard treatment for prostate cancer. Treatments are not assigned by the study.

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of lymphedema

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Measured using multiple parameters, including bioimpedance spectroscopy, leg volume measurements, patient-reported symptoms, pitting, and clinical evaluation by a lymphedema therapist or physician.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Depression using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI)

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). The MDI total score ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms.

  2. Functioning, Disability and Health associated with lymphedema measured by Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Lymphedema-related functioning, disability, and health will be assessed using the Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema (Lymph-ICF-LL). Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater impairments in function, activity limitations, and participation restrictions related to lower limb lymphedema.

  3. Quality of life measured by EORTC QLQ-C30

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale. For global health status and functioning scales, higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life or functioning. For symptom scales/items, higher scores indicate greater symptom burden.

  4. Urinary dysfunction and sexual function measured with the prostate cancer-specific subscale EORTC QLQ-PR25

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Prostate cancer-specific symptoms and functioning, including urinary symptoms and sexual function, will be assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Prostate Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-PR25). Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale. For symptom scales/items, higher scores indicate greater symptom burden. For functioning scales, higher scores indicate better functioning.

  5. Physical activity measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

    Time frame: From initiation of prostate cancer treatment through 18 months follow-up, assessed every 3 months.

    Physical activity will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Physical activity will be reported as MET-minutes per week, with higher scores indicating higher levels of physical activity.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Rigshospitalet, Denmark

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Addressing the Forgotten Sex in Lymphedema Research: Risk Factors, Incidence, and Progression of Lymphedema Among Men With Prostate Cancer. The AWARE Cohort

Acronym: AWARE

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
May 26, 2026
Registry last updated
Jun 15, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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