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NCT Number: NCT07558512

Risk Factors and a Predictive Nomogram for Acute Moderate-to-severe Postoperative Pain After Achilles Tendon Surgery

This is a single-center retrospective cohort study to identify independent risk factors and develop a predictive nomogram for moderate-to-severe pain within 24 hours after Achilles tendon surgery.

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Key information

Conditions

Postoperative Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pain, Postoperative Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Postoperative Complications Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Peking University Third Hospital

Beijing, 100191, China

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age ≥ 18 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification Ⅰ~Ⅲ;
  • Clinically diagnosed with Achilles tendon rupture, Achilles tendinopathy, insertional Achilles tendinitis, Haglund's deformity, or other Achilles tendon disorders;
  • Undergoing open or arthroscopic Achilles tendon surgery;
  • Conscious and able to cooperate in surgery and postoperative pain assessment;
  • Complete and accessible case data related to surgery, anesthesia, and postoperative pain assessment;
  • Completion of at least 24 hours of standardized pain monitoring and clinical follow-up after surgery

Exclusion criteria

  • Missing or incomplete key clinical data such as pain assessment, surgery and anesthesia;
  • Failure to complete 24-hour standardized pain monitoring after surgery; Perioperative unplanned secondary surgery or transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU);
  • Patients with mental illness, cognitive dysfunction, or language communication barrier; History of alcohol or drug addiction Pain due to other acute or chronic diseases;
  • Bilateral Achilles tendon surgery Concurrent surgery for other lower extremity injuries

Treatment and study plan

No study-specific intervention

Other

This is a retrospective observational cohort study. No study-specific intervention is being investigated; all patients received routine clinical care as per standard practice.

Primary outcomes

  1. Incidence of Moderate-to-Severe Acute Postoperative Pain

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery

    Defined as a pain score ≥ 4 on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) or the need for rescue analgesia within the first 24 hours after Achilles tendon surgery. The NRS is an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), where higher scores indicate greater pain severity (worse outcome).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Highest Postoperative Pain Score

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery

    The maximum pain score recorded within 24 hours after Achilles tendon surgery, measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The NRS is an 11-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), where higher scores indicate greater pain severity (worse outcome).

  2. Rescue Analgesia Requirement

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery

    Proportion of patients requiring rescue analgesic medications within 24 hours after surgery.

  3. Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after surgery

    Proportion of patients experiencing nausea or vomiting requiring antiemetic treatment within 24 hours after surgery.

  4. Postoperative Length of Hospital Stay

    Time frame: From surgery to hospital discharge (up to 7 days)

    Number of days from surgery to hospital discharge.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Min Li

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Risk Factors and a Predictive Nomogram for Acute Moderate-to-severe Postoperative Pain Afte Achilles Tendon Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Apr 30, 2026
Registry last updated
May 8, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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