Regulation of Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Production by Glucagon Like Peptide 2

Study A: Using constant feeding with a nasoduodenal tube and stable isotope infusion, mathematical modelling will be utilised to measure lipoprotein production and clearance. The lipoproteins assessed will be apoB-100 from the liver and apoB-48 from the intestine.

StudyB: Volunteers will be given a liquid meal with retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) to label chylomicrons made from the meal. 7 hours later they will be given GLP-2 or placebo. Measurements of plasma and TRL(triglyceride rich lipoprotein) triglyceride and TRL retinyl palmitate will be carried out to see whether GLP-2 increases these parameters.

Inclusion criteria

• Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women, aged 18 to 60 years
• Body mass index 20 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2
• Hemoglobin above 130g/L.
• Normal glucose tolerance in response to a 75g, 2-hr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Exclusion criteria

• 1. Subject has a history of hepatitis/hepatic disease that has been active within the previous two years.

• Any significant active (over the past 12 months) disease of the gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurological, renal (Cr > 1.5 mg/dL), genitourinary, hematological systems, or has severe uncontrolled treated or untreated hypertension (sitting diastolic BP > 100 or systolic > 180) or proliferative retinopathy 3. History of diabetes or OGTT indicative of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

• Any history of ischemic heart disease or clinically significant, active, cardiovascular history including a history of arrhythmia's or conduction delays on ECG, unstable angina, or decompensated heart failure.

• Abnormal liver or thyroid function tests 6. Current addiction to alcohol or substances of abuse as determined by the investigator.

• Mental incapacity, unwillingness or language barrier precluding adequate understanding or cooperation 8. Taking any prescription or non-prescription medications at the time of the study 9. Having donated blood three months prior to and three months post study procedures 10. A pregnancy test will be performed 1 to 3 days prior to each study in all female research participants. Those who test positive for pregnancy will be excluded.