Regenerative Ability of Immature Necrotic Permanent Teeth Using Different Scaffolds

The study will be conducted on 30 maxillary anterior teeth with open apex; with 10 maxillary anterior teeth with open apex in each group (n=10). The patient will be asked to pick an opaque sealed envelope that will contain a number from 1 to 3. The resultant number will determine in which group the participants will be placed. single blinding will be maintained in this study as the Outcomes Assessor and the patients will not be aware of their group/used scaffold Group (I) control group with no scaffold used. Group (II) using platelets rich fibrin ( PRF) as a scaffold. Group (III) using hyaluronic acid (HYA) as a scaffold.

Procedural steps:

1st visit

1.Patients will be given anesthesia with vasoconstrictor . rubber dam isolation and access will be done 2. gentle irrigation with 1.5-3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (20ml/5 mins) using needle with closed end and side-vents with needle placed 1mm from apex will be done 3.then, irrigation will be done with saline or 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 mL/canal, 5 min) 4. The canal space will be dried using sterile paper points 5.1ml of calcium hydroxide (metapaste) will be delivered into canal space 6.Sterile cotton pellet will be inserted and access cavity will be sealed using 3-4mm of temporary restoration (Coltosol F; Coltene Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland) for 3 weeks.

2nd visit

• Final visit for three groups will be scheduled when tooth is asymptomatic with no signs of discharge.
• In case of persistent infection one or more visits will be scheduled for discharge and disinfection.
• patient will be anesthetized using 3% mepivacaine without vasoconstrictor, proper isolation will be done, the temporary restoration and cotton pellet will be removed.
• Canal will be irrigated using 17% EDTA (20ml/5mins).
• Canals will be dried using sterile paper points.
• In group (I) A sterile hand file size #50 will be used sharp strokes 2 mm beyond apex into the periapical tissue until bleeding is evident in cervical portion of canal In group (II) For the PRF preparation, 10Ml of the patient's whole blood will be collected in sterile tubes from the cubital vein. The tubes will be centrifuged for 10 minutes with a speed of 3000 rpm .

Inside each test tube three layers will be formed: a base layer containing erythrocytes, an intermediate layer of PRF clot, and a surface layer of acellular plasma. The PRF clot will be separated from the other layers and then compressed in a PRF box (Intra-Lock International).

The compressed PRF membrane will be rolled over itself to allow its implantation into the canal .

The PRF membrane will be inserted inside the root canal and condensed apically with an endodontic hand plugger.

In group (III)A sterile hand file size #50 will be used sharp strokes 2 mm beyond apex into the periapical tissue until bleeding is evident in cervical portion of canal then, hyaluronic acid hydrogel will be inserted inside the canal

• MTA plug orifice plug as a capping material will be used to seal canal orifice.
• 3-4 mm layer of glass ionomer (e.g. Fuji IX™, GC America, Alsip, IL) will be flowed gently over the capping material and light-cured for 40 s to seal the access cavity.
• A postoperative standardized periapical radiograph will be taken for baseline records
• After treatment is done patient will be recalled for follow-up every three months for one year.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients with age range from 9-20 years with no sex predilection. Systemically healthy patients.
• Non-vital maxillary anterior presenting with or without signs and/or symptoms of periapical pathology.
• No mobility.
• Pocket depth less than 3 mm.

Exclusion criteria

• Teeth with vertical fracture
• Periodontal involved teeth and non-restorable teeth
• Lack of patient cooperation