Psychometric Properties and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Turkish Version of Physcian Attitudes Toward Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral Scale-Revised (PACRR-R)

Research has reported that the reasons for low implementation of CR are multifactorial at the health system, physician and patient levels. It has also been found that patients are more likely to initiate CR if physicians strongly and positively promote the importance of CR participation. Unfortunately, there are insufficient and ineffective data on CR, referral to CR and both clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes of CR in Turkey. In this context, it is important to examine more objectively from the perspective of physicians who play a key role in referring patients to CR. However, in our country, there is no relatively objective measurement tool to evaluate physicians' attitudes towards CR. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the original "Physician Attitudes towards Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral Scale-Revised (PACRR-R)" into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties.

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Key information

Conditions

Physician's Role

Age range

25 year–70 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

Karaman, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

To be a physician,
Providing active service in patient diagnosis and treatment

Exclusion criteria

Not providing active service in patient diagnosis and treatment despite being a physician (administrative position, etc.).

Treatment and study plan

Physcian Attitudes toward Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral Scale-Revised (PACRR-R)

Other

The PACRR comprises 20 items and 1 open ended item to assess physicians' attitudes and beliefs about CR and referral (includes instructions for scale completion to respondents). Response options were 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = agree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree. Five (5) items are reverse-scored to mitigate acquiescence bias (denoted with *), such that higher scores reflect more positive atti- tudes toward CR and referral. A mean score is computed for the total (where at least 80% of items were completed; i.e., 15/19) scale and subscales.

Primary outcomes

Physician Attitudes toward Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral (PACRR)-Revised Scale Score

Time frame: 10-15 minutes

The Physician Attitudes toward Cardiac Rehabilitation and Referral (PACRR)-Revised Scale comprises 20 items to assess physicians' attitudes and beliefs about CR and referral. Response options were 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = agree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree. Five (5) items are reverse-scored to mitigate acquiescence bias (denoted with *), such that higher scores reflect more positive attitudes toward CR and referral. A mean score is computed for the total (where at least 80% of items were completed; i.e., 15/19) scale and subscales. A final open-ended item asks physicians to list the most important factors that influence their decision to refer a patient to CR.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start: 2024
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2026
First posted: Apr 10, 2024
Registry last updated: Feb 20, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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Completed