Prospective Study of Immune Alterations in Operable Breast and Ovarian Carcinoma

Breast cancer is the main cancer in women and is the second cause of mortality by cancer in the world for women ; high grade serous ovarian cancer is a rare pathology but survival is less 25% at 5 years.

Breast and ovarian cancers are complex entities with heterogeneous tumor cells but also normal cells including immune cells with represent the microenvironment of the tumor.This microenvironment limits tumor progression but also has been shown to play a crucial role in disease progression, tumor angiogenesis, maintenance and resistance to anticancer therapies.

Despite newly developed immunotherapies, only one-third of patients with breast and ovarian cancer responds to checkpoint inhibitors ; so today there is poor benefit to treat breast and ovarian cancers with immunotherapies. Therefore it needs to better understand immune mechanisms which reduce treatment efficacy. The aim of this clinical study is to better understand mechanisms of immune response inhibition in breast and ovarian cancers. It would characterize actionable targets in patients with resistance to conventional anticancer treatments or immunotherapies.In this context, the hypothesis is that some specific phenotypical or functional alterations of specific immune cells populations (DC, LB, plasmocytes IgA, neutrophils, NK cells, CD8+CD39+ LT, Treg) induce tumoral progression in breast and ovarian cancer. These immune populations will be described (qualitative, quantitative and functional descriptions ; proteic, transcriptomic and genomic profiles) in order to i) determine new immune surveillance mechanisms ii) new targets which allow efficient antitumoral immunity in breast and ovarian cancers.

Inclusion criteria

• I1. Female patients aged ≥ 18 tears at time of inform consent signature.
• I2. Patient with planned primitive tumor surgery listed below : High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (cohort A), Breast carcinoma SBR grade II or III > 3 cm (cohort B), Extended breast carcinoma In situ associated with invasive nodule carcinoma macroscopically visible and eligible to mastectomy (cohort C).

Note : Patients previously treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy are eligible and all chemotherapies are authorized.

• I3. Patient should understand, sign, and date the written voluntary informed consent form prior to any protocol-specific procedures and should be willing to comply procedures required per protocol.
• I4. Patient must be covered by a medical insurance.

Exclusion criteria

• E1. Patient under guardianship or trusteeship.
• E2. Cancer with constitutional BRCA1/2 mutation.
• E3. Previously treated by immunomodulators (PD1/PDL1, CTLA4).
• E4. Systemic treatment by an immunosuppressor (including, but not limited to, corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide and anti-TNF-alpha) or by an immunostimulant within 2 weeks before inclusion, except corticosteroids listed below: inhaled corticosteroids, intranasal corticosteroids, topic corticosteroids, and systemic corticosteroids with prednisone or equivalent physiological dose ≤ 10 mg/day.
• E5. Patient with known history of autoimmune disease including, but not limited to, myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis,systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipids syndrome, Wegener syndrome , Sjögren syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vascularitis, or glomerulonephritis, B or C hepatitis infection, HIV infection.
• E6. Patient with other active tumor except if the tumor is considered not to interfere with outcome measures following sponsor approval such as basal or squamous cell skin cancer. Patient previously treated for an other cancer and without relapse for at least one year are eligible.
• E7. Pregnant or breastfeeding woman.