Project ICOPE Brazil: Assessment of Intrinsic Capacity in Brazilian Older Adults

The ICOPE Brazil study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study designed to investigate the trajectories of aging among older adults in Brazil, with a particular emphasis on healthy aging as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The central conceptual framework guiding this study is "intrinsic capacity," a multidimensional construct encompassing an individual's physical and mental capacities that contribute to the maintenance of functional ability in later life.

Data collection will involve the administration of standardized tests and structured questionnaires to assess five core domains of intrinsic capacity: mobility, cognitive function, nutritional status, sensory capacities (vision and hearing), and psychological well-being. These domains reflect the recommendations outlined in the WHO's Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program, which aims to promote healthy aging and support the functional ability of older populations globally.

Participants will be followed for a total duration of three years, with periodic assessments to monitor changes over time. The primary outcomes of interest include: decline in intrinsic capacity, mobility impairment, cognitive impairment, onset of depressive symptoms, loss of functional ability, incident frailty, incident sarcopenia, incidence of falls, hospitalizations, multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality. Data generated from this study will inform public health strategies, clinical guidelines, and policy development for aging populations in Brazil and other similar settings.

Inclusion criteria

• People aged ≥ 60 years, with no age limit;
• Being registered (with available contact information) in the participating health care units;
• Being available to go in person to the data collection sites for the assessments.

Exclusion criteria

• Inability to access the data collection site;
• Severe neurologic and/or cognitive impairments that preclude interaction with the evaluators to complete the proposed tests and data collections;
• Advanced serious illness or under palliative care:

Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)20 score of 8 (severely frail) or 9 (terminally ill).