Pressurized Meter Dose Inhaler V/S Dry Powder Inhaler

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, and despite advances in therapy, a significant proportion of patients remain poorly controlled. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with long-acting beta agonists (LABA) are the cornerstone of asthma management; however, the effectiveness of treatment is highly dependent on the inhalation device used. Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are the most widely used devices, yet their relative effectiveness in real-world clinical practice remains debated, particularly in resource-limited settings.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness of pMDI versus DPI in delivering equivalent doses of ICS/LABA among patients with uncontrolled asthma attending the Pulmonology Outpatient Department of Services Hospital Lahore. A total of 210 patients aged 14-60 years with uncontrolled asthma, defined by an Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score ≥3 despite baseline therapy, will be enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling and randomized into two groups. Both groups will receive an equivalent total daily dose of budesonide/formoterol (800/24 µg), administered either via pMDI or DPI.

Patients will be followed for eight weeks with assessments at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks. The primary outcome will be improvement in asthma control measured by reduction in ACQ score, while secondary outcomes include frequency of asthma exacerbations. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 25, with appropriate statistical tests applied to compare outcomes between groups.

The findings of this study are expected to clarify whether inhaler device choice significantly influences asthma control. This will help distinguish true treatment-resistant asthma from poor control due to device-related factors and guide clinicians in selecting the most effective inhalation device for improved patient outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

Age 14 to 60 years

Both genders

All patients with symptoms of uncontrolled asthma

Exclusion criteria

Patients with coexistent fungal sensitization (confirmed with peripheral eosinophil count and serum IgE)

Patients with coexistent Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) (confirmed with HRCT and serum IgE)

Patients with coexistent COPD (confirmed on spirometry)

Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Patients with coexistent Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) (confirmed on spirometry)

Patients with coexistent cardiac asthma secondary to heart failure (diagnosed on echocardiography)