Comparison of Box Breathing and Rhythmic Breathing Techniques in Patients With Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent episodes of dyspnea, airflow limitation, and impaired quality of life. In addition to respiratory symptoms, many individuals with asthma experience sleep disturbances and reduced functional capacity. Breathing exercises have emerged as important non-pharmacological interventions that may improve respiratory control, autonomic regulation, and symptom perception.

Box Breathing and Rhythmic Breathing are structured breathing techniques that have shown potential benefits in respiratory rehabilitation. Box Breathing involves a controlled breathing pattern consisting of equal durations of inhalation, breath holding, exhalation, and breath holding. Rhythmic Breathing involves continuous and controlled breathing with a prolonged expiratory phase to promote respiratory efficiency and relaxation. However, limited evidence exists regarding the comparative effectiveness of these techniques in individuals with asthma.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of Box Breathing and Rhythmic Breathing on dyspnea, pulmonary function, and sleep quality among patients with asthma. Participants will receive standardized baseline respiratory care followed by either Box Breathing or Rhythmic Breathing interventions for eight weeks. The interventions are designed to improve breathing patterns, reduce breathlessness, enhance pulmonary function, and improve sleep quality.

This study aims to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of structured breathing techniques as adjunctive interventions in asthma management. The findings may contribute to the development of evidence-based respiratory rehabilitation protocols and support the integration of breathing exercises into comprehensive asthma care programs.

Inclusion criteria

• Male and female patients diagnosed with asthma.
• Age between 18 and 40 years.
• Patients with mild to moderate asthma who are clinically stable.
• Patients able to understand and follow breathing exercise instructions.
• Patients willing to provide informed consent and participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with severe or uncontrolled asthma.
• Patients with acute asthma exacerbation during the study period.
• Patients with other significant respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis).
• Patients with severe cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal disorders that may interfere with participation.
• Patients who are pregnant.
• Patients unable to perform the breathing interventions or complete study assessments.
• Patients participating in another structured respiratory rehabilitation or breathing exercise program.