Predictive Value of Reduced Keratinized Mucosa on the Secondary Prevention of Peri-implant Mucositis and Periimplantitis in Patients Attending Regular Supportive Peri-implant Care. A Longitudinal Analysis

Patient information such as age, gender, history of periodontitis, edentulism, previous oral and maxillofacial tumor with a history of head and neck radiation, smoking habits, and metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus were collected. Implant-specific information such as bone augmentation, year of implantation, implant position, implant level (bone level, tissue level), and number of implants were also documented. Prosthetic factors like the type of prosthesis (single crown, bridge construction, telescope prosthesis) and the type of attachment (cemented, screwed) were recorded. Clinical examination and measurement of clinical parameters were subsequently performed, including probing depth (PD) at six implant sites using a graduated periodontal probe, bleeding on probing or suppuration (BoP/Sup) occurring within 30 seconds after probing, and recessions measured in mm using a graduated periodontal probe between a defined clinical reference point and the implant mucosa.Participants were motivated to undergo regular SPIC, with frequency based on their individual risk factors. Patients without increased risk were encouraged to attend a 6-month recall. If bleeding or suppuration occurred, the frequency of SPIC was increased to monthly controls with oral hygiene instruction and plaque removal. Peri-implantitis therapy was initiated in patients with radiographically detectable bone loss, followed by lifelong SPIC. The modified plaque index (mPl) and full mouth plaque score API were used to assess local plaque accumulation and compliance. The modified gingival index (mGI) was used to assess the inflammatory state of the soft tissue. The mucositis severity score (MSS) was used to investigate the initiation and progression of peri-implant mucositis, with scores ≥18 indicating advanced inflammation. KM impact on MSS values <8 and ≥18 was investigated. Periodontal screening index (PSI) was used to classify the general periodontal condition of the patients by dividing the dentition into sextants. The width of the KM mucogingival junction was assessed using the "rolling technique." Radiographs were analyzed using byzznxt to diagnose possible radiological bone resorption. An individual diagnosis was made for each implant at the end of the examination, and data was collected following a standardized operating procedure and saved electronically.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged at least 18 years who have at least one root-form dental implant in situ and were part of the first (DOI10.1111/clr.13432) and/or the second (DOI 10.1007/s00784-020-03422-1) observational study

Exclusion criteria

• Systemic antibiotic use up to 3 months before the examination
• pregnancy
• lactating mothers