Postprandial Blood Amino Acid Response

Inclusion criteria

• Age 18-65y
• BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2
• Non-smoking
• Healthy as assessed by the NIZO lifestyle and health questionnaire ("Verklaring leefgewoonten en gezondheid") and according to the judgment of the study physician.".
• Regular and normal Dutch eating habits as assessed by the NIZO lifestyle and health questionnaire (3 main meals per day)
• Veins suitable for cannulation (blood sampling)
• Voluntary participation
• Having given written informed consent
• Willing to comply with study procedures
• Accept use of all encoded data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data for 15 years.
• Accept disclosure of the financial benefit of participation in the study to the authorities concerned

Exclusion criteria

• Participation in any clinical trial including blood sampling and/or administration of substances up to 30 days before Day 01 of this study
• Having a history of medical or surgical events that may significantly affect the study outcome, including: Inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, pancreatitis, ulcers, gastrointestinal or rectal bleeding; major gastrointestinal tract surgery such as gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, or bowel resection; known or suspected gastrointestinal disorders, colon or GI tract cancer
• Use of the following medication: glucose lowering drugs, insulin; medication that may impact gastric emptying (e.g. gastric acid inhibitors or laxatives)
• Diagnosed with diabetes, being treated for high blood glucose or increased fasting blood glucose (> 7 mmol/l in finger prick blood) as assessed during screening visit
• For men: Hb <8,5 mmol/l as assessed during screening visit; for women: Hb <7,5 mmol/l.
• Use of protein supplements
• Mental status that is incompatible with the proper conduct of the study
• A self-reported reported food allergy or sensitivity to dairy ingredients
• Alcohol consumption for men > 28 units/week and >4/day; for women: >21 units/week and >3/day
• Reported weight loss or weight gain of > 3 kg in the month prior to pre-study screening, or intention to lose weight during the study period
• Reported slimming or medically prescribed diet
• Recent blood donation (<1 month prior to Day 01 of the study)
• Not willing or afraid to give up blood donation during the study
• Personnel of NIZO food research, FrieslandCampina Research, or Wageningen University, department of Human Nutrition, their partner and their first and second degree relatives
• Not having a general practitioner
• Not willing to accept information-transfer concerning participation in the study, or information regarding his/her health, like laboratory results and eventual adverse events to and from his general practitioner
• Self reported pregnancy or breastfeeding