Postoperative Computed Tomography Detection of Syndesmotic Malreduction in Ankle Fractures

Accurate reduction of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is essential for restoring ankle stability and achieving favorable functional outcomes after ankle fracture fixation. Plain radiographs are routinely used to assess postoperative syndesmotic reduction; however, subtle malreductions may not be detected using standard radiographic views alone.

This prospective observational cohort study includes adult patients with ankle fractures requiring operative fixation and syndesmotic stabilization who demonstrate acceptable postoperative plain radiographs. As part of postoperative evaluation, all included patients undergo computed tomography imaging to provide a more detailed assessment of syndesmotic reduction, particularly with respect to rotational and translational alignment of the distal fibula relative to the tibia.

Based on computed tomography findings, syndesmotic reduction is categorized according to predefined criteria. Functional outcomes are assessed at 12 months postoperatively using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score. The study is observational in nature, and imaging findings do not influence postoperative management or treatment decisions.

The objective of this study is to assess the limitations of plain radiographs in detecting syndesmotic malreduction and to evaluate the association between computed tomography findings and functional outcomes following ankle fracture fixation.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 18 to 65 years
• Acute ankle fractures requiring operative fixation with syndesmotic stabilization
• Acceptable postoperative plain radiographs based on standard radiographic criteria
• Ability to comply with follow-up and functional assessment

Exclusion criteria

• Open ankle fractures
• Previous surgery on the affected ankle
• Polytrauma patients
• Pathological fractures
• Incomplete imaging or follow-up data