Physical Therapists Identifying Patients With Opioid Misuse

The DDPPQ is a 20 item tool used to measure the attitudes of health care providers related to the management of patients misusing drugs and contains 5 subscales (Role Adequacy: 7 items; Role Legitimacy: 2 items; Role Support: 3 items; Role Self-esteem: 4 items; Job Satisfaction: 4 items) Each item is scored on a 7-point scale (1 = strongly agree to 7 = strongly disagree). Each item was modified to asses the health care providers' attitudes about managing patients with opioid misuse.

Semi-structured interviews to assess barriers and facilitators of implementing the procedures learned in the training

Proportion of physical therapists who agreed to attend the training that attended all training sessions

Percentage of physical therapists who attended the training that report engaging patients in conversations about opioid misuse,

Percentage of physical therapists who attended the training that report screening for opioid misuse

Percentage of physical therapists who attended the training that report assessing patients for opioid misuse

Percentage of physical therapists who attended the training that report referring for opioid misuse

The investigators will conduct focus groups after each training session. All sessions will be analyzed together to qualitatively assess the physical therapists' receptivity to the procedures learned in the training sessions.

Questions were adapted: "How often do you ask patients about alcohol problems?" was modified to: "How often do you ask patients about problems with prescription opioid medication misuse? 4 additional questions were similarly modified ([1] How often do you formally screen patients for prescription opioid medication misuse using screening instruments, such as the Current Opioid Misuse Measure or other tools; [2] How often do you assess patients' readiness to change their prescription opioid medication misuse behaviors?; [3] How often do you discuss/advise patients to change their prescription opioid medication misuse behaviors?; [4] How often do you refer patients with prescription opioid medication misuse for further assessments or interventions?). Scoring: Never, Rarely (less than 10% of the time), Occasionally (about 30% of the time), Sometimes (about 50% of the time), Frequently (about 70% of the time), Usually (about 90% of the time), Every time.

At the end of the study after the individual interviews, the investigators will finalize the manual of opioid misuse procedures for physical therapists.

These questions were adapted from a survey developed to improve health care providers' management of patients with alcohol problems. The questions are: ([1] I am confident in my ability to ask patients about prescription opioid medication misuse, [2] I am confident in my ability to formally screen patients for prescription opioid medication misuse using screening instruments, such as the Current Opioid Misuse Measure or other tools; [3] I am confident in my ability to assess patients' readiness to change their prescription opioid medication misuse behaviors; [4] I am confident in my ability to discuss/advise patients to change their prescription opioid medication misuse behaviors; [5] I am confident in my ability to refer patients with prescription opioid medication misuse for further assessments or interventions?). Each confidence with management practice question was scored on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = no confidence; 7 = high confidence).