Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial of Functional Resistance Training in Older Cancer Survivors: The ACES Trial

Measured by the percentage of enrolled participants not completing baseline and 16-week survey or performance testing.

Measured by the percentage of enrolled sample that the participant and/or the investigator withdraws before final study visit.

Measured by the percentage of prescribed online sessions attended over the intervention period

Measured by number of times 3+ consecutive sessions are missed over the 16 week intervention period

Measured by the number of sessions requiring reduction or escalation in intensity and/or duration (sets or repetitions) after the session begins over the intervention period

Measured by the number of times a session dose (intensity and/or duration) is reduced or escalated prior to the beginning of a session over the intervention period

Measured by the cumulative dose of training received divided by the cumulative dose of prescribed training, expressed as a percentage over the intervention period

Physical assessment of mobility by evaluating the time that it takes a person to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, and return and sit in the chair. Faster times indicate better mobility

Physical assessment of three timed tests (five repeated chair stands, standing balance, and usual pace gait speed over 4 meters), scored on a scale of 0 (unable) to 4 (completes without difficulty), based on quartiles of performance, then scores are summed, where higher scores indicate better physical functioning.

Self-report on 13 questions about fatigue in the past seven days, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much), where higher total scores indicate more fatigue.

Self-report on 8 questions about symptoms of sleep disturbance in the past seven days, on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much), where higher total scores indicate greater sleep disturbance.

Self-report on 4 questions on depressive symptoms in the past seven days, on a scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always), where higher total scores indicate greater depressive symptoms.

Self-report on 10 questions of physical capability and instrumental activities of daily living, on a scale from 1 (unable to do) to 5 (without any difficulty), where higher scores indicate greater physical function.

Self-report on 3 questions about pain intensity over the past seven days, and current pain intensity, on a scale from 1 (had no pain) to 5 (very severe), where higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.

Self-report on 8 questions about perceived cognitive function (i.e., memory, concentration, verbal fluency, and mental acuity) over the past seven days, on a scale from 1 (very often [several times a day]) to 5 (never), where higher scores indicate better cognitive function.

Self-report on 4 questions about fear, anxious misery, hyperarousal, and somatic symptoms related to arousal, on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always), where higher scores indicate worse anxiety-related symptoms.

Self-report on health-related quality of life, with two components. 1) Five dimensions related to health (i.e., mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), each of which is assigned a level from 1 (no problems) to 5 (extreme problems) and organized into a five-digit number representing the respondent's health state (e.g., 11235). Each 5-digit number corresponds to a health profile. 2) A visual analogue scale from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health), where higher scores indicate better self-perceived health status.

Self-report on 30 questions about cancer-specific quality of life for five functional scales (physical, cognitive, emotional, social functioning, and role functioning) and one global health scale, on either a 4- (1=not at all to 4=very much) or 7-point (1=very poor to 7=excellent) Likert scale, where higher function-oriented scores indicate better functioning, and higher symptom-oriented scores indicate worse symptom severity. Transformed scores range from 0-100, where higher scores indicate better functioning.

Self-report on 22 questions about independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL; i.e., functional status) over four domains of activity (mobility, leisure, kitchen, and domestic tasks), on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (on my own), where higher scores indicate more independence.

Self-report on nine questions about movement across different spatial zones (i.e., community mobility) over the preceding three days, scored from 1 (yes) to 0 (no), where higher scores indicate greater mobility.

Self-report on 16 questions about physical function and disability in two domains (frequency and limitation). The frequency scale is from 1 (never) to 5 (very often), where higher scores indicate more frequent participation in social and life activities. The limitation scale is from 1 (completely) to 5 (not at all), where higher scores indicate less limitations in completing activities.

Researcher-administered test of 11 questions used to screen for cognitive impairment, on a scale of 0-30 points, where higher scores (26+) indicate normal cognition, and lower scores indicate mild (18-15), moderate (10-17), or severe (<10) cognitive impairment.

Self-report on adverse events (AE) experienced throughout study involvement, as reported on a monthly AE survey; prevalence, severity, and attribution to the intervention will be determined.

Self-report and physical testing (five individual assessments) that each represent a component of the Frailty Phenotype. Each assessment either does or does not meet the threshold for frailty (Yes = 1, No = 0) and these are summed to determine the total frailty score (> 3 = frail, 1-2 = pre-frail, 0 = robust). Below is each component, the assessment used, and the threshold that determines the presence of frailty:

• Weakness (Chair Stand Test, described above in the PPB); >12 seconds.
• Slowness (4-Meter Walk Test, described above in the PPB); walking four meters at < 1 meter/second.
• Low Activity (self-reported CHAMPS, described below); < 270 kcal/week (female) and < 383 kcal/week (male).
• Exhaustion (self-reported fatigue, details described below in the SF-36 Vitality Scale); scores < 40 (normed).
• Shrinking (self-reported unintentional weight loss, measured in pounds); >10 pounds lost unintentionally over the prior year.

Self-report on 41 questions about frequency of physical activity over the past four weeks, scored by calculating the frequency (times per week) and estimated caloric expenditure (kcal/week), where higher scores indicate more physical activity.

Self-report on four questions about energy levels and fatigue over the past four weeks, on a scale from 1 (all of the time) to 5 (none of the time), total score is normed (0-100), where higher scores indicate less fatigue (i.e., greater vitality).