Personalized Interventions Via Health Portraits in Mild Behavioral Impairment

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, developed by Nasreddine in 2004 to assess participants' general cognitive function, covers eight areas of cognitive assessment, including visuospatial and executive function, naming, memory, attention, speech, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation. The Changsha version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale was used in this study, and its Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.846, retest reliability was 0.974, and investigator reliability was 0.969. The score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale ranges from 0 to 30 points. The higher the score, the better the cognitive function of the study subjects. The illiterate group ≤13, the primary school group ≤19, and the junior high school and above group ≤24 can be judged as impaired cognitive function to correct the bias caused by education level

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, developed by Buysse equals in 1989, was used to evaluate the sleep status of the participants over the past month. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index includes seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic drugs, and daytime function, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.83) and retest reliability (r=0.85). The cumulative score for each component of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale is the total score of the scale, ranging from 0 to 21, with a score of 0 to 3 for each component, with higher scores associated with poorer sleep quality

The Social Support Rating Scale was used to assess participants' social participation. This study adopted the social support assessment compiled by domestic scholar Xiao Shuiyuan, which has good reliability and validity (Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.83). There are 10 items in the social support evaluation, including objective support, subjective support and social support utilization. The score ranges from 11 to 40 points. The higher the score of each dimension, the higher the degree of social support. It is generally believed that the total score of 20 is poor social support, 20-30 is general social support, and 30-40 is satisfactory social support

The Condensed Mental State Scale, developed by Folstein et al., is increasingly being used to screen patients for dementia, determine the severity of cognitive impairment, and determine dementia transition. The sensitivity and specificity of the concise mental State scale in the screening diagnosis of dementia are 80-90% and 70-80%. The scale covers cognitive areas such as orientation, memory, attention and computation, speech and visuospatial. The Condensed Mental State Scale ranges from 0 to 30 points. Dementia can be graded according to the Condensed Mental State Scale, with mild dementia scoring 21-26, moderate dementia 11-20, and severe dementia 0-10

The Neuropsychiatric Scale (NPI) is also a suitable tool for assessing NPS in patients with MBI. The Neuropsychiatric Scale is a scale developed by Cummings et al. to assess NPS in dementia patients, including hallucinations, delusions, agitation/aggression, anxiety, depression, euphoria, loss, disinhibition, abnormal movement, appetite disorders, sleep and nocturnal behavior disorders. The Chinese version of neuropsychiatric scale has good reliability and validity with Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.851, bias coefficient of 0.83, and total retest reliability of 0.86. The neuropsychiatric scale is easy to use and provides a way for semi-structured interviews to distinguish symptoms of inhibition from symptoms of apathy. Neuropsychiatric scale patient scores ranged from 0-144, caregiver pain scores ranged from 0-60, the lower the score the better

The Mild Behavioral Impairment checklist (MBI-Checklist) asseses subjects to assess the symptoms and severity of MBI and was developed by ISTAART after the publication of diagnostic criteria for MBI in 2016. The mild behavioral impairment Checklist, filled out by a family member or someone in the know, has five categories, including lack of motivation, emotional incoordination, impulse control disorders, social withdrawal, and perceptual or thinking abnormalities. The sensitivity and specificity of the mild behavioral impairment checklist were 86.96% and 86.00%. The mild behavioral Impairment Checklist scores range from 0 to 102, with the higher the total score, the higher the degree of mild behavioral impairment