Periodization-Based Strength Exercise Training in İndividuals With Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced exercise capacity, decreased muscle strength, impaired quality of life, and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise training is recommended as an important component of diabetes management; however, the comparative effectiveness of different strength training periodization approaches remains unclear.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of non-linear periodization and linear periodization strength training programs in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be randomized into three groups: a non-linear periodization training group, a linear periodization training group, and a control group receiving usual care.

The intervention will be conducted for 8 weeks, three times per week. Outcomes including exercise capacity, muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and metabolic parameters will be evaluated before and after the intervention period.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged between 18 to 65 years
• Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
• Not having participated in any structured exercise program within the last 6 months
• Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of nephropathy, retinopathy, or peripheral neuropathy
• Presence of neurological, cognitive, or orthopedic disorders that may affect outcome measurements
• Severe respiratory disease (Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second [FEV1] <35% or Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] <50%)
• Presence of ischemic heart disease or peripheral arterial disease
• History of any cardiovascular event within the last 6 months
• Current malignancy