Passive Music Intervention for the Reduction of Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration and/or Biopsy

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine whether music listening alleviates psychological distress such as anxiety in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy that do not require general anesthesia.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine if patients with lower to no anxiety during bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy will also experience less pain.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVE:

I. To design and implement an evidence-based music intervention protocol that could be used during bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 groups.

GROUP I: Patients undergo standard of care bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration.

GROUP II: Patients listen to music while undergoing standard of care bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration.

Inclusion criteria

• Documented informed consent of the participant and/or legally authorized representative
• Willingness to participate in the study
• Ability to read English, or willingness to have one of the staff members help with the questionnaire
• Age: ≥ 18 years
• Hematological conditions requiring a bone marrow biopsy and/or aspiration procedure, regardless of their disease state, and experience with such procedures

Exclusion criteria

• Hearing impairments, and non-verbal communication
• Scheduled to undergo a sedated bone marrow biopsy
• Scheduled to be premedicated with any anxiolytic or pain medication 30 minutes prior to the procedure
• Unwillingness to listen to music
• Altered mental health status that would prohibit informed consent and following protocol required instructions
• Prospective participants who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with all study procedures (including compliance issues related to feasibility/logistics)