Parental Self-Efficacy for Child Autonomy and Postoperative Pain in Children Undergoing Minor Surgery

This study aims to examine the relationship between parental self-efficacy in supporting child autonomy and postoperative pain levels in children undergoing minor surgical procedures. The study will be conducted with children aged 3 to 18 years and their parents at a single hospital in Turkey.Participation in the study is voluntary. Parents will be asked to complete questionnaires assessing their confidence in supporting their child's autonomy during the surgical process. Children's postoperative pain levels will be assessed using an age-appropriate pain rating scale during the early postoperative period.No experimental treatment or additional medical procedures will be performed as part of this study. All data will be collected as part of routine care and questionnaire assessments. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improved family-centered perioperative care for children undergoing minor surgery.

Completed

Looking for future studies?

Notify Me

Key information

Conditions

Postoperative Pain Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pain, Postoperative Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Postoperative Complications Signs and Symptoms

Age range

3 year–18 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Primary location

Dogubayazit State Hospital

Ağrı, Dogubeyazit, 04400, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

This prospective observational study is designed to investigate the relationship between parental self-efficacy for supporting child autonomy and postoperative pain levels in children undergoing minor surgical procedures.

The study population consists of children aged 3 to 18 years who are scheduled for minor surgery and their parents or legal guardians. Data will be collected at a single tertiary-level state hospital in Turkey. Participation is based on voluntary informed consent obtained from parents, and age-appropriate assent will be obtained from children when applicable.

Parental self-efficacy related to supporting child autonomy during the surgical process will be assessed preoperatively using the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery, a validated questionnaire. Postoperative pain intensity in children will be assessed during the early postoperative period using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale at predefined time points.

No interventions beyond standard clinical care will be implemented as part of the study. The study does not involve the use of investigational drugs, devices, or experimental procedures. All clinical care, including pain management, will be provided according to routine hospital protocols.

Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize participant characteristics and scale scores. The relationship between parental self-efficacy and postoperative pain levels will be analyzed using appropriate correlational and regression-based statistical methods. The findings are expected to support the development of family-centered perioperative nursing approaches aimed at improving postoperative pain outcomes in children undergoing minor surgery.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Children aged 3 to 18 years
Scheduled for minor surgical procedures
Able to understand and respond to age-appropriate pain assessment tools
Parents or legal guardians able to read and understand Turkish
Written informed consent obtained from parents or legal guardians

Exclusion criteria

Presence of chronic pain conditions
Neurological or cognitive disorders that may interfere with pain assessment
Requirement for postoperative intensive care
Incomplete completion of data collection forms

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Postoperative Pain Level

Time frame: At 0, 2, and 6 hours after surgery

Postoperative pain intensity measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Pain assessments will be conducted at multiple predefined time points during the early postoperative period.

Secondary outcomes

Parental Self-Efficacy for Child Autonomy

Time frame: Preoperative period, prior to surgery

Parental self-efficacy assessed using the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery, an 18-item Likert-type scale with scores ranging from 1 to 4, where higher total scores indicate higher parental self-efficacy.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Agri Ibrahim Cecen University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Parental Self-Efficacy for Child Autonomy on Postoperative Pain in Children Undergoing Minor Surgery

Acronym: PSE-PAIN-MS

Important dates

Study start: 2026
Primary completion: 2026
Study completion: 2026
First posted: Feb 2, 2026
Registry last updated: May 27, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

Completed