Osaka Cardiometabolic Epidemiological Study: Ohtori Study Part 2

Primary outcomes

1. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed based on the results of a fasting blood glucose test and medication history.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   Type 2 diabetes at baseline and follow-up examination is defined if the fasting plasma glucose level is ≥126 mg/dL, if the A1c level is ≥6.5%, or if the participant is taking medications or using injectables such as insulin to lower blood glucose levels at the baseline and follow-up examinations.

2. Hypertension is diagnosed based on the results of blood pressure measurement and medication history.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years. plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   Hypertension is diagnosed if the systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg, the diastolic blood pressure is ≥90 mmHg, or the participant is taking antihypertensive medications.

3. Dyslipidemia is diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years. plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   Dyslipidemia is diagnosed based on the following criteria:Total cholesterol: ≥200 mg/dL (high); LDL cholesterol: ≥130 mg/dL (high); HDL cholesterol: <40 mg/dL (low in men), <50 mg/dL (low in women); or triglycerides: ≥150 mg/dL (high).

4. Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed based on the Joint Interim Statement published in Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years. plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   An individual is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if they meet three or more of the following criteria:

   • Abdominal obesity (waist circumference):

   Men: ≥90 cm Women: ≥80 cm

   • Elevated triglycerides:

   Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, or receiving treatment for elevated triglycerides.

   • Low HDL cholesterol:

   Men: <40 mg/dL Women: <50 mg/dL, or receiving treatment for low HDL cholesterol.

   • Elevated blood pressure:

   Systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg, or receiving antihypertensive treatment.

   • Elevated fasting blood glucose:

   Fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL, or receiving treatment for elevated blood glucose.

5. Hyperuricemia is defined based on fasting serum uric acid levels and the use of oral medication.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years. plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   Hyperuricemia is diagnosed if the fasting serum uric acid levels is >7.0 mg/dL for men, >7.0 mg/dL for women, or if the participant is taking uric acid-lowering medication.

6. Low eGFR was define based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation for Japanese.

   Time frame: Investigators plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years. plan to conduct follow-up examinations at intervals of one to two years.

   Low eGFR was defined if eGFR was less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m², regardless of the presence of proteinuria.