Online CBT-I for High Blood Pressure

Approximately 30% of US adults have prehypertension (untreated blood pressure ≥120-139/80-89 mmHg) and 29% have hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication use). Numerous factors contribute to the development of prehypertension and hypertension including age, genetics, obesity, and behavioral factors such as exercise and diet.However, the sleep disorder insomnia is another behavioral factor increasingly implicated with risk of hypertension. Insomnia, the most frequent sleep complaint in adults, is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, trouble maintaining sleep or non-restorative sleep coupled with significant daytime distress or functional impairment. Insomnia is a pervasive sleep disorder associated with decreased quality of life, reduced work productivity, and increased health care costs; it is increasingly identified as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Lifestyle modifications recommended for pre-hypertension and hypertension do not address sleep. This pilot randomized clinical trial will test the preliminary efficacy of an online cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (N=40) versus an online healthy sleep habits intervention (N=20), to reduce blood pressure in a sample of untreated individuals with insomnia and prehypertension or hypertension. Participants will be followed for 12-weeks post-intervention. Primary outcome measures are systolic blood pressure. Secondary measures include sleep efficiency, insomnia severity, physical and mental function.

Inclusion criteria

• prehypertension or hypertension, insomnia (difficulty getting to sleep, staying asleep and/or early morning awakenings), internet access, current email use, willingness to be randomized to either intervention group, ability to read/write in English.

Exclusion criteria

• medication known to alter sleep, sleep disorder (other than insomnia), frequent travel over 2-3 time zones, currently receiving behavioral treatment for insomnia, major depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD or bipolar disorder, >14 alcoholic drinks/week, recreational drug use, prior diagnosis of: epilepsy, dementia/Alzheimer's disease, renal failure requiring dialysis, stroke, secondary hypertension, angina, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery within the past 6 months