Observational Study to Validate a Family Physician Echocardiography Training Programme

ACKGROUND & JUSTIFICATION Cardiovascular disease generates long cardiology waiting lists in Spain (>90 days echocardiography). Elderly patients discharged from hospital require cardiac follow-up in primary care, but Family Medicine residency (MIR) excludes point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training. This gap limits GP triage capacity for common cardiac pathology.

The Catalan Society of Family and Community Medicine (CAMFiC), in collaboration with the Catalan Society of Cardiology (SCC), developed a structured FoCUS training program (2022, 92 hours total: 18h theory + 4h workshop for cardiac views + 70h supervised hospital practice) to empower primary care physicians.

HYPOTHESIS

Primary Hypotheses:

• Structured FoCUS training enables GPs to achieve competency across ≥6/7 predefined domains (standard views, LVEF estimation, RV/volume assessment, valvular disease detection, pericardial effusion, LVH recognition, theoretical knowledge).
• This training program achieves ≥80% concordance between GP-performed FoCUS and cardiologist-performed standard echocardiography on predefined cardiac parameters (κ≥0.6).

Secondary Hypotheses:

• Trained GP will be able to integrate this technique into routine practice (≥1 scan/week).
• FoCUS enables documentation of key cardiac pathologies (LVEF impairment, RV dilation, significant valve disease, pericardial effusion) among primary care scans performed for clinical indications (dyspnea, heart murmur, suspected HF, arrhythmia).
• FoCUS plus clinical data identifies ≥3 distinct patient profiles among primary care patients assessed.
• FoCUS in primary care achieves appropriate triage of patients requiring formal echocardiography.
• The programme will be acceptable to stakeholders, with high satisfaction reported by patients, family doctors, and cardiologists participating in the programme.
• FoCUS in primary care will increase identification of suspected heart failure among assessed patients and may reduce time to appropriate management.

STUDY OVERVIEW Prospective observational study (CEIm IDIAP 23/072-P). 46 CAMFiC GPs perform FoCUS on consecutive adult patients (>18 years) with clinical cardiac indication during primary care visits, followed by cardiologist echocardiography confirmation. Data captured via REDCap eCRF.

See Outcomes, Eligibility Criteria, and Arms/Interventions for specific measures, criteria, and procedures.

PHASES

• Phase 0: Preparation (2022)
• Phase 1: Training (2022-2025)
• Phase 2: Data collection (2024-2027)
• Phase 3: Analysis (kappa/ICC/Bland-Altman, mixed models) (2027-2028)
• Phase 4: Dissemination (PhD thesis, peer-reviewed publications) (2028)

CLINICAL IMPACT Reduces time-to-diagnosis, shortens cardiology waiting lists, enables primary care triage of common cardiac conditions, cost-effective, scalable model.

PROTOCOL AVAILABILITY Full protocol available upon request from IDIAP Jordi Gol Primary Care Research Institute.

See structured sections (Outcomes, Eligibility Criteria, Arms/Interventions) for specific measures, criteria, and procedures.

• Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria for Professionals:

Inclusion criteria

for professionals in the training program are:

• Board-certified specialist in Family and Community Medicine.
• Member of the Catalan Society of Family and Community Medicine (CAMFiC).
• Access at the workplace to an ultrasound device suitable for FoCUS.
• Willing and able to complete all training and study procedures. Exclusion criteria: Not meeting any inclusion criterion.

• Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria for Patients:

The inclusion criteria for patients are:

• Age over 18 years old.
• Clinical indication for FoCUS/echocardiographic assessment in routine care.
• Attended at a site where a participating GP provides care.
• Able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Refusal to participate (no written informed consent)
• Severe mental illness
• Significant cognitive impairment preventing informed consent.