Reliability of Multiple-Repetition-Maximum Tests in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease or Risk Factors

Exercise training is a cornerstone in the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease. While research has primarily focused on endurance training, resistance training becomes more and more important. The gold standard to prescribe resistance training intensity or monitor longitudinal changes is the 1-Repetition-Maximum (1-RM) test. However, particularly for unexperienced individuals, this test may not be recommendable due to the high load and an increased risk of injuries. Alternatively, there are several published formulas to estimate the 1-RM based on a multiple-repetition-maximum (or repetition-to-failure) test. However, these formulas have been primarily tested in healthy individuals. Moreover, the reliability of the 1-RM estimation based on two tests with different submaximal weight is unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluates the agreement of the 1-RM estimation (based on different formulas) between two Multiple-RM tests with different weight in 50 patients with cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation) or cardiovascular risk factors (type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension).

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Key information

Conditions

Heart Failure Arrhythmias, Cardiac Arterial Hypertension Atrial Fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Cardiovascular Diseases Coronary Disease Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Diabetes Mellitus Endocrine System Diseases Glucose Metabolism Disorders Heart Diseases Hypertension Metabolic Diseases Myocardial Ischemia Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Pathologic Processes Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Vascular Diseases

Age range

50 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Observational

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Age ≥ 50 years
At least one of the following cardiovascular diseases / risk factors:
Heart failure
Coronary heart disease
Atrial fibrillation
Arterial hypertension
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Clinically stable for ≥ 4 weeks
Medical clearance to perform resistance training / strength testing
Signed written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Pregnancy
Acute infection
Chronic joint inflammation
Knee, hip, ankle, wrist, elbow or shoulder pain
Known osteoporosis (T-value ≤ -2.5)
Uncontrolled hypertension (≥160 mmHG systolic / ≥100 mmHG diastolic)
Known cerebral or thoracic aneurysm

Treatment and study plan

Primary outcomes

Estimated 1-Repetition-Maximum

Time frame: cross-sectional study (day 1)

The estimated 1-Repetition-Maximums based on two Multiple-Repetition-Maximum tests with different weight will be compared using Bland-Altman plots. Acceptable Limits of Agreement are defined as +/- 10%. The comparisons will be performed using different published formulas to evaluate, which formula(s) may be recommended in patients with cardiovascular disease / risk factors. The study will be performed on the following resistance training machines: leg press and chest press

Secondary outcomes

Number of repetitions required to perform a valid Multiple-Repetition-Maximum test

Time frame: cross-sectional (day 1)

The Multiple-Repetition-Maximum test is considered valid if muscular failure occurs after completion of 2-10 repetitions. This is based on the evidence that (most) published formulas become less precise if >10 repetitions can be performed.
Adverse Events

Time frame: cross-sectional (day 1)

any adverse events that occur in relation to the Multiple-Repetition-Maximum Tests will be documented

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Stephan Mueller, Dr rer nat

CONTACT

[email protected]

+49 (0)89 289 24494

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Technical University of Munich

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Agreement of the Estimated 1-Repetition-Maximum Between Two Multiple-Repetition-Maximum Tests with Different Weight in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease or Risk Factors

Important dates

Study start: 2025
Primary completion: 2025
Study completion: 2025
First posted: Jan 28, 2025
Registry last updated: Jan 29, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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