Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Lower Extremity Function, Aerobic Capacity, Pressure Pain Threshold and Edema in Women With Lipedema

Primary outcomes

1. Assessment of Muscle Strength

   Time frame: only one time

   The individuals' gluteus maximus, hip flexor, abductor and knee extensor strength in their dominant extremities will be assessed with a K-force handheld dynamometer (Montpellier, France). In the assessment, the individual will be positioned in a prone position for the gluteus maximus muscle test, in a sitting position for the hip flexor and extensor muscles test and in a side-lying position for the hip abductors test, and the dynamometer will be stabilized as specified in the K-Force manual, and the individual will be asked to apply maximum effort against the dynamometer. The measurements will be repeated 3 times and the maximum value will be recorded in kg.

2. Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscle Endurance

   Time frame: only one time

   Lower extremity muscle endurance will be assessed with the 30-Second Sit-Stand Test. In this test, the individual will sit on a chair with their back supported. The individual will then be asked to stand up and sit down again with their back straight for 30 seconds, and the number of times this cycle is repeated within 30 seconds will be recorded.

3. Assessment of Lower Extremity Function

   Time frame: only one time

   It will be evaluated with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale is a questionnaire developed to evaluate individuals' lower extremity functions, abilities and activity limitations. Scoring is between 0-80. Higher scores indicate better function. It is based on the individual's self-assessment and personal statement. The Turkish version of the scale was developed by Çankaya et al. and reported to be valid and reliable.

4. Assessment of Aerobic Capacity

   Time frame: only one time

   It will be evaluated with the 6 Minute Walking Test. During this test, the individual is asked to walk as fast as he can in a 30-meter corridor for 6 minutes and the total walking distance is recorded in meters.

5. Assessment of Pressure Pain Threshold

   Time frame: only one time

   A digital algometer (Baseline) will be used to assess the pain threshold. The algometer will be calibrated before the assessment. A 1 cm2 probe will be used for the measurements. The midpoint of the quadriceps and tibia will be marked before the measurement. The measurement will be repeated 3 times at 5-second intervals and the average value will be recorded. The algometer will be placed at a right angle to each point, participants will be asked to report the presence of pain by saying "yes" and the value on the device will be recorded as the pain threshold when they first feel pain at the point of touch. There will be a 5-second interval between measurements

6. Assessment of Edema

   Time frame: only one time

   Local tissue water percentage of individuals will be measured with the Moisturemeter-d compact (MMDc, Delfin Technologies, Kuopio, Finland) device. This device calculates the percentage of water under the skin by touching the reference points from the skin surface. The reference points were determined as the medial of 35 cm above the heel (calf) on both legs, the medial of 3 cm proximal to the patella (medial knee) and the lateral of 20 cm above the line drawn from 3 cm proximal to the patella to the SIAS (lateral hip) (6). 3 measurements will be made for each reference point and the average of these measurements will be recorded.