Metabolic Availability in Older and Younger Men

Inclusion criteria

Gender: Male Age: 20-35 years or 65-80 years Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5 - 30.0 kg/m2 Healthy as assessed with a questionnaire Regular and normal eating habits as assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) Willing to comply with study procedures and use of data Having given written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

Chronic disease, for example:

• Diabetes mellitus / being treated for high blood glucose
• Severe cardiovascular disease (exception: hypertension)
• Hepatic disease (e.g. hepatitis)
• Renal disease
• Cancer
• Bowel disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers, bleeding)
• Pancreatitis

History of medical or surgical events that may affect GI function, and the study outcomes or disease risk for participants, for example:

• Bariatric surgery
• Gastrointestinal tract surgery
• Digestive tract disorder
• Chewing problems
• History of deep venous thrombosis without anti-coagulation medication

Medicine use that interferes with, protein metabolism, GI function and the study outcomes, for example:

• Glucose lowering drugs
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Laxatives

Habits that interfere with the study outcomes:

• Protein supplement use (current use or less than 2 weeks past use)
• Smoking
• Drug use
• Alcohol consumption >21 units/week and/or >4/day
• Following a weight-loss diet, medically prescribed diet or other diet with a low calorie intake or an unbalanced nutrient intake like a vegan or very low carbohydrate diet
• Moderate to high intense physical activity for more than 5 hours a week

Other:

• Self-reported allergy or intolerance to the tested products
• Weight loss of more than 3 kg in the 3 months prior to study screening
• Current participation in other research and <2 months prior participation in other research
• Not having a general practitioner
• Not willing to accept information-transfer concerning participation in the study , or information regarding his health to his general practitioner
• Working or doing an MSc- thesis at the department of Human Nutrition and Health at Wageningen University & Research