University of Gothenburg
Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County, 42650, Sweden
Completed
NCT Number: NCT05319262
Metabolic and Cognitive Consequences of Noise-induced Sleep Disturbance
This study will investigate the biological mechanisms linking sleep disruption by noise and the development of disease. In a laboratory sleep study, we will play traffic sounds of different types (road, rail and air) and noise levels during the night. We will also have nights with sound from so-called "white noise machines". These generate a low-level and continuous noise that may improve sleep by "masking" the traffic noises that would otherwise disturb sleep. We will also measure objective sleep quality and quantity, cognitive performance across multiple domains, self-reported sleep and wellbeing outcomes, and blood samples. Blood samples will be analysed to identify metabolic changes in different nights. Identifying biomarkers that are impacted by sleep fragmentation will establish the currently unclear pathways by which chronic noise exposure at night can lead to the development of diseases in the long term, especially cardiometabolic disorders.
Completed
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Notify MeKey information
Conditions
Age range
18 year–30 year
Sex eligibility
All sexes
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Not applicable
Primary location
About this study
The experimental sleep study has the overarching goal of deepening our understanding of experimentally-induced disruption of sleep and changes in metabolic and cognitive function, and to determine the efficacy of a potential non-pharmacological intervention to promote sleep. To this end, the study will address the following independent aims:
Aim 1: Determine associations between novel physiologic markers of sleep and metabolic and cognitive function. We will measure the sleep of healthy volunteers using novel and classical indictors of sleep architecture. Each morning we will obtain blood samples for metabolomics analysis and administer a neurocognitive test battery.
Aim 2: Determine the biological and neurobehavioral consequences of noise-disrupted sleep. We will compare effects on sleep, metabolomics and cognitive function between quiet nights and nights with traffic noise.
Aim 3: Evaluate the effects of continuous pink noise throughout the night. Sub-aim 1: To determine if continuous noise (pink noise) per se improves or disturbs sleep, we will investigate changes in novel and classical indictors of sleep architecture and disturbance induced by pink noise relative to quiet baseline nights. Sub-aim 2: To determine if pink noise reduces sleep disturbance by traffic noise, we will investigate changes in sleep fragmentation and continuity, and cortical and autonomic arousal, from nights with both traffic noise and pink noise compared to nights with traffic noise only.
The study will be conducted at in the University of Gothenburg sound environment laboratory (SEL). The SEL is a high fidelity research laboratory equipped to simulate a typical apartment, including three individually light-, sound- and vibration-isolated private bedrooms. Ceiling mounted speakers in each room allow us to create a realistic acoustic environment by transmitting sound exposures from the control room to each bedroom individually.
This study has a prospective within-subjects cross-over design. Participants (N=12) will each spend five consecutive nights in the SEL with a sleep opportunity between 23:00-07:00. Daytime sleep will be prohibited, confirmed with measures of daytime activity via wrist actigraphy monitors worn continuously throughout the study. Three subjects will take part concurrently, in separate bedrooms. The first night is a habituation period to the study protocol and for familiarisation with the test procedures. Study nights 2-5 are the experimental nights and will be randomly assigned across participants using a Latin square design to avoid first-order carryover effects. Each subject will be exposed to one night of each of the following:
Quiet night: No noise will be played, serving as a control night to assess individual baseline sleep, metabolic profile, and cognitive performance; Traffic noise night to determine consequences of noise-disrupted sleep; Pink noise night: To determine impact of continuous pink noise on sleep; Traffic + pink noise night: simultaneous traffic and pink noise at the same sound pressure levels as in the traffic-only and pink noise-only nights, to determine sleep-protecting effects of pink noise in the face of traffic noise.
Each night we will record physiologic sleep with polysomnography (PSG) and cardiac activity with electrocardiography (ECG). Each study morning, subjects will provide a 2ml blood sample, complete cognitive testing and answer questionnaires and will depart the SEL to follow their normal daytime routine. They will return to the SEL at 20:00 each evening to prepare for sleep measurements. Caffeine will be prohibited after 15:00 and alcohol will be prohibited at all times. Because sound-induced auditory fatigue may be affected by noise exposure during participant's normal routines,60 they will wear a noise dosimeter during the week of the study to record their daytime noise exposure. Because extreme and/or variable dietary behaviour can affect the metabolome/lipoprotein profile, participants will be given guidance that they should eat a similar evening meal on each day of the laboratory study, confirmed with a food diary, The actual meal itself can be different for different study participants, because the study has a within-subjects design.
Sleep will be recorded with ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) and cardiac activity with electrocardiography (ECG) and finger pulse photoplethysmogram. Data are recorded offline onto the sleep recorder, and will be downloaded and checked every study morning to ensure data quality. In addition to traditional sleep analysis performed by the research group at the University of Gothenburg, raw PSG data will be used to calculate the Odds Ratio Project, a novel metric of sleep depth and stability.
Each study morning subjects will provide a 2 ml blood sample for plasma metabolomics analysis. To ensure reliable data, blood samples will be taken at the same time every day to mitigate circadian effects, before eating or drinking anything except water, and each sample will be handled in the same way i.e. centrifuged, aliquoted and stored in -80C freezers. Subjects will eat the same food each study evening to mitigate within-subject dietary effects on the blood metabolome.
Each morning, subjects will complete a computerised cognitive test battery taking approximately 20 minutes, that includes 10 tests across a range of cognitive domains (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance). Cognition data will be analysed to determine key measures of cognitive speed and accuracy, adjusting for practice effects and the difficulty of the stimulus set.
Subjects will complete a battery of one-time validated questionnaires to measure their general health (SF-36), chronotype, noise sensitivity, habitual sleep quality, environmental sensitivity, and annoyance and sleep disturbance by noise. Subjects will also answer a questionnaire each study evening and morning, involving questions on sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), auditory fatigue, sleep disturbance by noise, and validated sleep and disturbance questions.
Subjects will wear a noise dosimeter during the week of the study to record their daytime noise exposure (sound pressure level only, no actual sound recordings).
Participants will wear a wrist actigraphy monitor continuously throughout the study period, and also for the week before the study, to confirm habitual sleep-wake times and to measure physical activity levels.
Who can participate
Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes
Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.
Inclusion criteria
- live in or around the city of Gothenburg area (Sweden)
Exclusion criteria
- aged <18 or >30 years;
- habitual sleep and wake timings more than ±1 hour different from the study sleep times (i.e. habitual sleep time should be 22:00-00:00 and habitual wake time should be 06:00-08:00);
- BMI>25 kg/m2;
- regular sleep medication use (prescribed or "over-the-counter");
- poor hearing acuity (measured during screening via pure tone audiometry);
- diagnosed with sleep disorders;
- indications of sleep apnea on the STOP-BANG questionnaire;
- shift work;
- smoking, vaping, snus, or other nicotine use;
- pre-existing use of "white noise machines" as a sleep aid.
Treatment and study plan
Pink noise exposure
RadiationContinuous pink noise sound exposure at 45 dBA, throughout the whole night
Traffic noise
Radiation120 traffic noise events (40 each of road, rail and aircraft), introduced at maximum sound pressure levels ranging between 45-65 dB LAS.max.
Primary outcomes
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Metabolomics and lipids
Time frame: On each of the five study mornings
Concentrations of 41 metabolites, including amino acids, amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, choline, keto acids, sugars, and sulfones. Lipoprotein profile, including concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins.
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Baseline total sleep time
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
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Total sleep time during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total sleep time during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total sleep time during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of baseline N1 sleep
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of baseline N2 sleep
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of baseline N3 sleep
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of baseline rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N1 sleep during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N2 sleep during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N3 sleep during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N1 sleep during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N2 sleep during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N3 sleep during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N1 sleep during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N2 sleep during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of N3 sleep during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Baseline wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO)
Time frame: During the Control night
Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Baseline number of awakenings
Time frame: During the Control night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Number of awakenings during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Number of awakenings during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Number of awakenings during exposure to traffic noise + pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines
-
Baseline sleep onset latency (SOL)
Time frame: During the Control night
Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + Pink noise night
Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Baseline sleep efficiency
Time frame: During the Control night
Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep efficiency during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep efficiency during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Sleep efficiency during exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
-
Baseline sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP)
Time frame: During the Control night
Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.
-
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.
-
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.
-
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to traffic noise and pink noise
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.
-
Spontaneous maximal change of odds ratio product (ORP)
Time frame: During the Control night
Primary measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during traffic noise. Averaged over 120 sham noise events during the night.
-
Maximal change of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to traffic noise events
Time frame: During the Traffic noise night
Primary measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during traffic noise. Averaged over all 120 noise events during the night.
-
Maximal change of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to traffic noise events
Time frame: During the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Primary measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during traffic noise. Averaged over all 120 noise events during the night.
-
Spontaneous change of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to pink noise
Time frame: During the Pink noise night
Primary measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during traffic noise. Averaged over 120 sham noise events during the night.
-
Baseline morning neurobehavioural speed
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural speed after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural speed after exposure to pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural speed after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
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Baseline morning neurobehavioural accuracy
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Average of one key accuracy indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Average of one key accuracy indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Average of one key accuracy indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Morning neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Average of one key accuracy indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Baseline evening neurobehavioural speed
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Control night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural speed after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Traffic noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural speed after exposure to pink noise
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural speed after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Baseline evening neurobehavioural accuracy
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Control night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Traffic noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to pink noise
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Evening neurobehavioural accuracy after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the evening of the day following the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Average of one key speed indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)
-
Baseline Ethanol concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline 2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Alanine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Asparagine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Creatine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Creatinine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Glutamine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Glycine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Histidine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Leucine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Lysine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Methionine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Ornithine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Proline concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Threonine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Valine concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline 2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Citric acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Formic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Choline concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline 2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline 3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Acetone concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Glucose concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Glycerol concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Baseline Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L)
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Control night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
-
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to nocturnal traffic and pink noise
Time frame: In the morning immediately after the Traffic noise + pink noise night
Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma
Secondary outcomes
-
Cardiovascular activation in response to noise
Time frame: Event-related, occurring within the time window of each discrete noise event, during each of the five study nights (23:00 to 07:00)
Change in heart rate (ECG)
-
Evening subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale
Time frame: Every study evening
The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)
-
Morning subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale
Time frame: Every study morning
The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)
-
Evening auditory fatigue
Time frame: Every study evening
Perceived auditory fatigue, self-reported on a 5-point verbal scale, from 1 - "Not at all" (best outcome) to 5 - "Extremely" (worst outcome)
-
Morning auditory fatigue
Time frame: Every study morning
Perceived auditory fatigue, self-reported on a 5-point verbal scale, from 1 - "Not at all" (best outcome) to 5 - "Extremely" (worst outcome)
Sponsors and collaborators
Lead sponsor
Göteborg University
Other
Collaborators
- University of Manitoba
- University of Pennsylvania
Registry information
Important dates
- Study start
- 2022
- Primary completion
- 2022
- Study completion
- 2022
- First posted
- Apr 8, 2022
- Registry last updated
- Jun 22, 2022
OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.
View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.
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