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Completed

NCT Number: NCT06260254

Effects of Railway Vibration on Sleep and Disease

This study will investigate the biological mechanisms linking sleep disruption by vibration and noise, and the development of cardiometabolic disease. In a laboratory sleep study, the investigators will play railway vibration of different levels during the night. The investigators will also measure objective sleep quality and quantity, cognitive performance across multiple domains, self-reported sleep and wellbeing outcomes, and blood samples. Blood samples will be analyzed to identify metabolic changes and indicators of diabetes risk in different nights. Identifying biomarkers that are impacted by sleep fragmentation will establish the currently unclear pathways by which railway vibration exposure at night can lead to the development of diseases in the long term, especially metabolic disorders including diabetes.

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Key information

Conditions

Noise Exposure Behavior Cognitive Change Glucose Metabolism Disorders Glucose Metabolism Disorders (Including Diabetes Mellitus) Health Behavior Mental Disorders Metabolic Diseases Metabolic Disturbance Nervous System Diseases Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Parasomnias Sleep Disturbance Sleep Hygiene Sleep Wake Disorders Vibration; Exposure

Age range

18 year–30 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of Gothenburg

Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County, 42650, Sweden

About this study

The experimental sleep study has the overarching goal of deepening understanding of sleep disruption by railway vibration and noise and changes in cardiometabolic and cognitive function. To this end, the study will address the following study aim:

Aim 1: Determine the biological and neurobehavioral consequences of sleep disruption by railway vibration. The investigators will measure the sleep of healthy volunteers, and each morning will obtain blood samples for metabolomics metabolic function analysis and administer a neurocognitive test battery. The investigators will compare effects on sleep, metabolomics, metabolic function and cognitive function between quiet nights and nights with railway traffic vibration and noise. Dose-response relationships will be determined by comparing nights with different levels of vibration.

This study will take place in the sound environment laboratory (SEL) at the University of Gothenburg Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. The SEL is a high fidelity research laboratory equipped to simulate a typical apartment, including three individually light-, sound- and vibration-isolated private bedrooms. Ceiling mounted speakers in each room and electrodynamic transducers mounted to the underside of each bed allow the investigators to create a realistic acoustic environment by transmitting sound and vibration exposures from the control room to each bedroom individually. The investigators have shown previously that results from this lab with high ecological validity are comparable with results from the field.

This study has a prospective within-subjects cross-over design. Participants (total N=24) will each spend five consecutive nights in the SEL, with a sleep opportunity between 23:00-07:00. Daytime sleep will be prohibited, confirmed with measures of daytime activity via wrist actigraphy monitors worn continuously throughout the study. Three subjects will take part concurrently, in separate bedrooms. The first night is a habituation period to the study protocol and for familiarization with the test procedures. The second night will be a quiet condition without noise or vibration, to determine normal baseline sleep, cardiometabolic profile, and cognitive performance. Study nights 3-5 are the vibration nights and will be randomly assigned across participants using a Latin square design to avoid first-order carryover effects. In these vibration nights, vibration and noise from railway freight will be played into the bedrooms to determine the effects of vibration and noise on sleep, cardiometabolic function and cognitive performance. Thirty six trains will occur each night, randomly distributed across the 8-hour sleep period.

For railway vibration the investigators will use synthesized signals based on measured data, used in previous laboratory studies. It is necessary to use synthesized vibration, rather than recorded signals, so that the investigators can accurately adjust the acoustical character of the exposure as needed. Railway vibration will be accompanied by high fidelity recordings of railway freight noise. This is to maximize ecological validity of the exposures since vibration rarely occurs without noise, and to mask any mechanical sounds from the vibration transducers.

Vibration and noise exposures will reflect realistic railway freight traffic noise levels that occur in dwellings alongside railway lines in Sweden. The maximum Wm-weighted vibration amplitudes in the three vibration nights will be 0.5 mm/s, 0.7 mm/s and 0.9 mm/s respectively. Maximum sound pressure levels of individual train passages will not exceed 49.8 dB LAF,max. Trains will vary from 11.5 s to 56.9 s in duration. All vibration amplitudes will be calibrated on the mattress of the bed, under a 75 kg reference weight to simulate the bed being occupied. All sound pressure levels will be calibrated to 10 cm above the pillow in each bedroom prior to the study, so that these levels accurately reflect the noise exposure of the subjects during sleep.

Each night the investigators will record physiologic sleep with polysomnography (PSG) and cardiac activity with electrocardiography (ECG). Each study morning, subjects will provide a 2ml blood sample and answer questionnaires and will depart the SEL to follow their normal daytime routine. They will return to the SEL at 20:00 each evening to prepare for sleep measurements. Caffeine will be prohibited after 15:00 and alcohol will be prohibited at all times. Because extreme and/or variable dietary behavior can affect the metabolome/lipoprotein profile, participants will be given guidance that they should eat a similar evening meal on each day of the laboratory study, confirmed with a food diary. The actual meal itself can be different for different study participants, because the study has a within-subjects design.

Sleep will be recorded with ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) and cardiac activity with electrocardiography (ECG) and finger pulse photoplethysmogram. Data are recorded offline onto the sleep recorder, and will be downloaded and checked every study morning to ensure data quality. In addition to traditional sleep analysis, raw PSG data will be used to calculate the Odds Ratio Project, a novel metric of sleep depth and stability.

Each study morning subjects will provide a 2 ml blood sample for plasma metabolomics analysis. To ensure reliable data, blood samples will be taken at the same time every day to mitigate circadian effects, before eating or drinking anything except water, and each sample will be handled in the same way i.e. centrifuged, aliquoted and stored in -80C freezers. Subjects will eat the same food each study evening to mitigate within-subject dietary effects on the blood metabolome. Furthermore, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) will be performed in the mornings after the quiet control night (i.e. after study night 2) and after the third vibration exposure night (i.e. after study night 5). The investigators will measure response to a 75g glucose bolus at timepoints 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose administration.

Each evening, subjects will complete a computerized cognitive test battery taking approximately 20 minutes, that includes 10 tests across a range of cognitive domains (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance). Cognition data will be analyzed to determine key measures of cognitive speed and accuracy, adjusting for practice effects and the difficulty of the stimulus set.

Subjects will complete a battery of one-time validated questionnaires to measure their general health (SF-36), chronotype, noise sensitivity, habitual sleep quality, environmental sensitivity, and annoyance and sleep disturbance by noise. Subjects will also answer a questionnaire each study evening and morning, involving questions on sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), auditory fatigue, sleep disturbance by noise, and validated sleep and disturbance questions.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • live in or around the city of Gothenburg area (Sweden)

Exclusion criteria

  • aged <18 or >30 years;
  • habitual sleep and wake timings more than ±1 hour different from the study sleep times (i.e. habitual sleep time should be 22:00-00:00 and habitual wake time should be 06:00-08:00);
  • BMI>25 kg/m2;
  • regular sleep medication use (prescribed or "over-the-counter");
  • poor hearing acuity (measured during screening via pure tone audiometry);
  • diagnosed with sleep disorders;
  • diagnosed with diabetes
  • indications of sleep apnea on the STOP-BANG questionnaire;
  • shift work;
  • smoking, vaping, snus, or other nicotine use;
  • pregnant or breastfeeding

Treatment and study plan

Railway noise

Radiation

Low level railway noise, not exceeding 50 dB LAF,max. Thirty six single railway noise events.

Low level railway vibration

Radiation

36 single railway noise events at 0.5 mm/s, varying from 11.5 s to 56.9 s in duration. Vibration always occurs concurrently with the noise exposure.

Intermediate level railway vibration

Radiation

36 single railway noise events at 0.7 mm/s, varying from 11.5 s to 56.9 s in duration. Vibration always occurs concurrently with the noise exposure.

High level railway vibration

Radiation

36 single railway noise events at 0.9 mm/s, varying from 11.5 s to 56.9 s in duration. Vibration always occurs concurrently with the noise exposure.

Primary outcomes

  1. Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated using the Homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

  2. Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated using the Homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

  3. Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated using the Homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

  4. Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated using the Homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)

  5. Total sleep time during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  6. Total sleep time during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  7. Total sleep time during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  8. Total sleep time during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  9. Total amount of N1 sleep during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  10. Total amount of N2 sleep during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  11. Total amount of N3 sleep during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  12. Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  13. Total amount of N1 sleep during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  14. Total amount of N2 sleep during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  15. Total amount of N3 sleep during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  16. Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  17. Total amount of N1 sleep during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  18. Total amount of N2 sleep during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  19. Total amount of N3 sleep during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  20. Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  21. Total amount of N1 sleep during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  22. Total amount of N2 sleep during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  23. Total amount of N3 sleep during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  24. Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines

  25. Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  26. Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  27. Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the intermediate night

    Time frame: One night

    Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  28. Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Total number of minutes awake during the night after the first appearance of sleep of any stage. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  29. Number of awakenings during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  30. Number of awakenings during exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  31. Number of awakenings during exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  32. Number of awakenings during exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  33. Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the Control Night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  34. Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  35. Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  36. Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of sleep. Measured via Polysomnography /EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  37. Sleep efficiency during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  38. Sleep efficiency during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  39. Sleep efficiency during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  40. S Sleep efficiency during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Defined as the percentage of time in bed spent in a non-wake sleep stage, measured via polysomnography/EEG, scored according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

  41. Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.

  42. Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.

  43. Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.

  44. Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Average ORP over the full night, from 0 (never occurs during wake) to 2.5 (only occurs during wake). Derived via polysomnography/EEG measurements.

  45. Maximal change of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to railway vibration events

    Time frame: One night

    Measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during railway vibration. Averaged over 36 vibration events during the night.

  46. Area under the curve of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to railway vibration events, calculated using the trapezoid rule

    Time frame: One night

    Measure of acute sleep disruption by noise, calculated as the difference between the ORP in the 30s prior to noise onset and the maximum ORP during railway vibration. Averaged over 36 vibration events during the night.

  47. N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  48. N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  49. N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  50. N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  51. Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  52. Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  53. Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  54. Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  55. Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  56. Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  57. Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  58. Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  59. Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after the Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  60. Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  61. Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  62. Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  63. Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  64. Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  65. Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  66. Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  67. 2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  68. 2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  69. 2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  70. 2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  71. Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  72. Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  73. Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  74. Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  75. Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  76. Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  77. Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  78. Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  79. Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  80. Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  81. Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  82. Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  83. Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  84. Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  85. Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  86. Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  87. Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  88. Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  89. Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  90. Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  91. Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  92. Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  93. Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  94. Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  95. Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  96. Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  97. Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  98. Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  99. Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  100. Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  101. Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  102. Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  103. Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  104. Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  105. Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  106. Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  107. Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  108. Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  109. Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  110. Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  111. Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  112. Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  113. Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  114. Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  115. Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  116. Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  117. Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  118. Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  119. N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  120. N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  121. N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  122. N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  123. Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  124. Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  125. Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  126. Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  127. Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  128. Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  129. Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  130. Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  131. Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  132. Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  133. Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  134. Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  135. Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  136. Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  137. Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  138. Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  139. Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  140. Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  141. Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  142. Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  143. Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure toControl night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  144. Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  145. Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  146. Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  147. Valine concentration (mmol/L) after Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  148. Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  149. Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  150. Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  151. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  152. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  153. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  154. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  155. Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  156. Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  157. Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  158. Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  159. Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  160. Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  161. Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  162. Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  163. Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  164. Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  165. Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  166. Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  167. Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  168. Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  169. Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  170. Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  171. Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  172. Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  173. Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  174. Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  175. Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  176. Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  177. Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  178. Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  179. 2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  180. 2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  181. 2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  182. 2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  183. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  184. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  185. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  186. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  187. Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  188. Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  189. Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  190. Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  191. Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  192. Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  193. Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  194. Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  195. Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  196. Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  197. Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  198. Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  199. D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  200. D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  201. D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  202. D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  203. Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  204. Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  205. Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  206. Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  207. Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  208. Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  209. Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  210. Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  211. Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  212. Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  213. Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  214. Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Determined from NMR analysis of blood plasma

  215. Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the control night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from glucose samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus.

  216. Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from glucose samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus.

  217. Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from glucose samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus.

  218. Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from glucose samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus.

  219. Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus

  220. Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus

  221. Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the glucose bolus

  222. Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the control night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the glucose bolus

  223. Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the low vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the glucose bolus

  224. Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the glucose bolus

  225. Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the high vibration night

    Time frame: One night

    Area under the curve (AUC) calculated using the trapezoidal rule, from insulin samples collected 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the glucose bolus

  226. Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to low vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus

    Time frame: One night

    Glucose concentrations determined from plasma samples with the Hexokinase/G-6-PDH method

  227. Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus

    Time frame: One night

    Glucose concentrations determined from plasma samples with the Hexokinase/G-6-PDH method

  228. Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to high vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus

    Time frame: One night

    Glucose concentrations determined from plasma samples with the Hexokinase/G-6-PDH method

  229. Glucose tolerance in the morning after Control night, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus

    Time frame: One night

    Glucose concentrations determined from plasma samples with the Hexokinase/G-6-PDH method

  230. Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after control

    Time frame: One night

    .226 - 0.0032 × BMI - 0.0000645 × I120 - 0.00375 × G90, where I120 and G90 represent insulin concentration 120 minutes after the glucose bolus, and glucose concentration 90 minutes after the glucose bolus, respectively.

  231. Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    .226 - 0.0032 × BMI - 0.0000645 × I120 - 0.00375 × G90, where I120 and G90 represent insulin concentration 120 minutes after the glucose bolus, and glucose concentration 90 minutes after the glucose bolus, respectively.

  232. Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    .226 - 0.0032 × BMI - 0.0000645 × I120 - 0.00375 × G90, where I120 and G90 represent insulin concentration 120 minutes after the glucose bolus, and glucose concentration 90 minutes after the glucose bolus, respectively.

  233. Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    .226 - 0.0032 × BMI - 0.0000645 × I120 - 0.00375 × G90, where I120 and G90 represent insulin concentration 120 minutes after the glucose bolus, and glucose concentration 90 minutes after the glucose bolus, respectively.

  234. Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after control exposure

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated as 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose × fasting insulin] × [mean glucose × mean insulin during oral glucose tolerance test])

  235. Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated as 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose × fasting insulin] × [mean glucose × mean insulin during oral glucose tolerance test])

  236. Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated as 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose × fasting insulin] × [mean glucose × mean insulin during oral glucose tolerance test])

  237. Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Calculated as 10,000/square root of [fasting glucose × fasting insulin] × [mean glucose × mean insulin during oral glucose tolerance test])

Secondary outcomes

  1. Evening subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to control

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  2. Evening subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  3. Evening subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  4. Evening subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  5. Morning subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to control

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  6. Morning subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  7. Morning subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  8. Morning subjective sleepiness, assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    The scale is a 9-level verbal scale from 1 - "Extremely alert" (best outcome) to 9 - "Very sleepy. great effort to keep alert, fighting sleep" (worst outcome)

  9. Self-reported sleep disturbance by vibration after control exposure

    Time frame: One night

    Assessed on a 0-10 numerical scale, from "Not at all" to "Extremely"

  10. Self-reported sleep disturbance by vibration after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Assessed on a 0-10 numerical scale, from "Not at all" to "Extremely"

  11. Self-reported sleep disturbance by vibration after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Assessed on a 0-10 numerical scale, from "Not at all" to "Extremely"

  12. Self-reported sleep disturbance by vibration after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Assessed on a 0-10 numerical scale, from "Not at all" to "Extremely"

  13. Morning positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after control exposure

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  14. Morning positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  15. Morning positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  16. Morning positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  17. Morning negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after control exposure

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  18. Morning negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  19. Morning negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  20. Morning negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  21. Evening negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to control

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  22. Evening negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  23. Evening negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  24. Evening negative affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  25. Evening positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to control

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  26. Evening positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to low vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  27. Evening positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  28. Evening positive affect, assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) after exposure to high vibration

    Time frame: One night.

    PANAS is a 20-item instrument in which 20 words describing current mood and emotional state are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from "Not at all" to "Extremely". A composite positive affect score is calculated from 10 of these.

  29. Event-related cardiovascular activation in response to control

    Time frame: One night

    Change in heart rate (ECG)

  30. Event-related cardiovascular activation in response to low vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Change in heart rate (ECG)

  31. Event-related cardiovascular activation in response to intermediate vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Change in heart rate (ECG)

  32. Event-related cardiovascular activation in response to high vibration

    Time frame: One night

    Change in heart rate (ECG)

  33. Evening neurobehavioural speed

    Time frame: One night

    Average of one key speed indicator from each of 10 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, balloon analog risk, psychomotor vigilance)

  34. Evening neurobehavioural accuracy

    Time frame: One night

    Average of one key accuracy indicator from each of 9 cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning, fractal 2-back, abstract matching, line orientation, emotion recognition, matrix reasoning, digit symbol substitution, psychomotor vigilance)

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Göteborg University

Other

Collaborators

  • University of Manitoba
  • University of Pennsylvania

Registry information

Acronym: BioVib

Important dates

Study start
2024
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Feb 15, 2024
Registry last updated
Mar 13, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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