LUNG INFECTION in ICU (LUNG-I3)

Inclusion criteria

All the following criteria

• Age 18 years or greater
• Severe ICU patients hospitalized for one of the above diseases:

• Septic shock (requirement of vasopressor to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or greater and serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L (>18 mg/dL) in the absence of hypovolemia) caused either by pneumonia (n=20) or another source n=20)
• Severe trauma (level I and II), Injury Severity Score ≥ 25 OR
• Burn with TBSA over 20%
• NAD > 0.1 µg/kg/min
• At least 2 SOFA criteria ≥ 2 points

Exclusion criteria

• Aspiration pneumonia
• Unable to obtain a valid and written consent from a patient or their legally authorized representative in accordance with the local regulatory instances (this includes in FR: Person not affiliated to a health insurance scheme, or not a beneficiary of such a scheme. Persons who are the subject of a legal protection order. Person with restricted freedom following a legal or administrative decision and a person admitted without their consent pursuant to Articles L.3212-1 and 3213-1, which are not included in Article L.1121-8 of the French Public Health Code.)
• COPD
• Smoke inhalation in burn patients
• Participation in an intervention study
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Immunocompromised patients, defined as

• patients with solid tumors with chemotherapy in the last 3 months or a progressive metastatic disease
• hematologic malignancies
• solid organ transplantation
• HIV infection with or without AIDS
• treatment with corticosteroids (> 3 months at any dosage or ≥ 1 mg/kg prednisone equivalent per day for > 7 day)
• treatment with other immunosuppressive drugs.