HAP/VAP Diagnosis in Critically Ill Septic Patients Using a Multiplex PCR Array

Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Intensive Care Unit due to the underlining clinical conditions of critically ill patients and the high rate of multidrug resistance among causative agents.

In patients with sepsis and septic shock, early and appropriate antibiotics are essential for improving clinical outcome, often requiring the use of broad-spectrum combinations.

The optimal use of antimicrobials is part of current implementation programs aimed to reduce the administration of not-necessary antibiotics, the bio-ecologic pressure and the possible side effects .

In this context the application of rapid, molecular microbiological tests on respiratory samples is of overwhelming interest, due to the potential of reducing the time to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and of prompting de-escalation.

During last years a new Multiplex PCR Assay for pneumonia diagnosis (Film-Array Pneumonia Panel Plus, BioFire, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) has been implementing in the clinical practice, showing very high rates of negative and positive predictive values.

The hypothesis is that molecular test on lower respiratory tract samples may reduce the time to microbiological diagnosis, thus allowing early antibiotic de-escalation.

Inclusion criteria

• Suspicion of HAP/VAP (clinical/radiological/laboratory criteria);
• Availability to perform tracheal aspirates or broncoalveolar lavage within 1 hour from clinical suspicion
• Life expectancy ≥ 48 hours
• Signed written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnancy,
• Concomitant participating in other interventional trial
• Refusal to sign informed consent