Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Standard Bupivacaine for Post-Rhinoplasty Analgesia

Cumulative opioid consumption in the first 72 post-operative hours expressed in morphine milligram equivalents (MME).

Patient-reported pain intensity and pain interference measured using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI). Pain intensity is assessed with 3 items (average, current, and worst pain over the last 24 hours) and pain interference with 3 items (general activity, mood, and sleep). Each item is rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (0 = no pain / does not interfere; 10 = worst pain imaginable / completely interferes). Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.

Patient-reported relief from pain medication, measured using the corresponding item of the Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI). The item is rated on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (0 = no relief; 10 = complete relief). Higher scores indicate a better outcome (greater pain relief).

Incidence of nausea, an opioid-related symptom, defined as the percentage of participants reporting any nausea on daily postoperative self-report surveys. Nausea is captured on a 0 to 10 rating and dichotomized as present (score ≥ 1) or absent (score 0) for this outcome. Reported as the percentage of participants (0% to 100%); a higher percentage indicates a worse outcome.

Incidence of vomiting, an opioid-related symptom assessed via daily postoperative patient self-report surveys.

Incidence of constipation, an opioid-related symptom assessed via daily postoperative patient self-report surveys.

Incidence of rash, an opioid-related symptom assessed via daily postoperative patient self-report surveys.

Patient adherence to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) multimodal analgesic regimen, assessed using daily postoperative surveys, calculated as total number of pills taken / total number of pills prescribed x 100, with adherence defined as ≥80%.

Proportion of participants with ≥1 new-onset injection-site or sensory adverse event, assessed by a 10-item binary patient-reported questionnaire at the supraorbital and infraorbital block sites. New-onset defined as negative at baseline and positive at follow-up.

Capturing any adverse events classified according to prespecified criteria described in the protocol.

Patient-reported nasal obstruction measured using the obstruction domain of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS-O). The obstruction domain score is normalized to a 0 to 100 scale, where higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater nasal obstruction). Scores obtained preoperatively and at one month postoperatively will be compared to assess short-term postoperative changes.

Patient-reported cosmesis measured using the cosmesis domain of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS-C). The cosmesis domain score is normalized to a 0 to 100 scale, where higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater dissatisfaction with nasal appearance). Scores obtained preoperatively and at one month postoperatively will be compared to assess short-term postoperative changes.