Intramuscular Versus Rectal Diclofenac for Pain Relief After Cesarean Section in Women

The goal of this clinical study is to find out which way of giving diclofenac sodium provides better pain relief after a planned cesarean section: an injection into the muscle or a suppository given through the rectum. Diclofenac is a commonly used pain-relieving medicine after surgery.

Women often experience moderate pain after a cesarean section, and effective pain control helps with early movement, breastfeeding, and overall recovery. Different methods of giving the same medicine may work differently and may affect how comfortable patients feel after surgery. This study compares these two methods to see which one reduces pain more effectively.

Researchers will compare post-operative pain levels in women who receive intramuscular diclofenac with those who receive rectal diclofenac after elective cesarean section.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

* Does intramuscular diclofenac provide better pain relief than rectal diclofenac after cesarean section? * Is there a difference in the need for additional (rescue) pain medicine between the two groups?

Participants will be women aged 20 to 45 years who are undergoing a planned cesarean section at term. A total of 60 women will take part in the study. They will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

* One group will receive diclofenac as an intramuscular injection every 8 hours for the first 24 hours after surgery. * The other group will receive diclofenac as a rectal suppository every 8 hours for the same period.

All participants will receive standard spinal anesthesia for surgery. Pain will be measured using a simple pain scale at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the operation. If a participant reports significant pain, additional pain medicine will be given.

The results of this study will help doctors choose the most effective and comfortable method of pain relief for women after cesarean section.