Intra-arterial Thrombolysis for Severe Recent Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

• Study hypothesis: Injection of t-PA, a thrombolytic drug (clot busting medicine)into the ophthalmic artery (the blood vessel feeding the eye), in patients with recent severe central retinal vein occlusion, may reopen the central retinal vein and improve retinal blood flow, which may in turn improve visual acuity and prevent the long-term complications of the disease.
• Experimental intervention: An outpatient procedure during which the ophthalmic artery is selective catheterized (with a small plastic tube called a microcatheter introduced from the artery of the leg) and infused with t-PA during two hours.

Inclusion criteria

• Severe CRVO diagnosed on

• presence of relative afferent papillary defect (RAPD)
• or visual acuity of 20/200 or worse
• Symptom onset within 2 weeks
• Age > 18 years old
• Patient is able and willing to give informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Futile intervention: no light perception, absence of perfusion on fluorescein angiography.
• Contra-indication to thrombolysis: active or recent (1 month) internal bleeding, cerebrovascular accident, major organ surgery, major trauma; intracranial neoplasm or vascular malformation, known bleeding diathesis, severe uncontrolled arterial hypertension, pregnancy (women of childbearing age must have a negative serum pregnancy test), or any other condition which in the opinion of the investigators would preclude the use of thrombolytic agents.
• High-risk catheterization: history of stroke or TIA; carotid bruit or known carotid occlusive disease; any cardiovascular condition that in the opinion of the investigators may increase the risk of catheterization of the ophthalmic artery.
• Ocular criteria: Intraocular neovascularization (secondary to any etiology), vitreous hemorrhage, inflammatory eye disease, any condition that precludes fundus photography or fluorescein angiography.