Influence of a Modified Ramadan Fasting on Health and Well-being in Healthy Muslims - a Randomised Controlled Trial

Quality of life, measured by the WHO-5 (World Health Organisation, Allgaier et al., 2011, WHO-5, 1998)

WHO-5, Fragebogen zum Wohlbefinden (Version 1998), Psychiatric Research Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health, http://www.who-5.org/.

Quality of life, measured by the WHO-5 (World Health Organisation, Allgaier et al., 2011, WHO-5, 1998)

WHO-5, Fragebogen zum Wohlbefinden (Version 1998), Psychiatric Research Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre in Mental Health, http://www.who-5.org/.

Satisfaction with life, measured by the BMLSS-10 (Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale)

Büssing A, Fischer J, Haller A, Heusser P, Ostermann T, Matthiessen PF: Validation of the brief multidimensional life satisfaction scale in patients with chronic diseases. European Journal of Medicine Research 2009; 14: 171-177

Satisfaction with life, measured by the BMLSS-10 (Brief Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale)

Büssing A, Fischer J, Haller A, Heusser P, Ostermann T, Matthiessen PF: Validation of the brief multidimensional life satisfaction scale in patients with chronic diseases. European Journal of Medicine Research 2009; 14: 171-177

Spirituality, measured by the SpREUK-P SF17 (Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness)

Büssing A, Reiser F, Michalsen A, Baumann K: Engagement of patients with chronic diseases in spiritual and secular forms of practice: Results with the shortened SpREUK-P SF17 Questionnaire. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician´s Journal 2012; 11(1):28-38

Spirituality, measured by the SpREUK-P SF17 (Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness)

Büssing A, Reiser F, Michalsen A, Baumann K: Engagement of patients with chronic diseases in spiritual and secular forms of practice: Results with the shortened SpREUK-P SF17 Questionnaire. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician´s Journal 2012; 11(1):28-38

Sleep quality, measured by the PROMIS Sleep Disturbances and Sleep-related impairment questionnaires

Yu L, Buysse DJ, Germain A, Moul DE, Stover A, Dodds NE, Johnston KL, Pilkonis PA. Development of short forms from the PROMIS™ sleep disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment item banks. Behav Sleep Med. 2011 Dec 28;10(1):6-24.

Sleep quality, measured by the PROMIS Sleep Disturbances and Sleep-related impairment questionnaires

Yu L, Buysse DJ, Germain A, Moul DE, Stover A, Dodds NE, Johnston KL, Pilkonis PA. Development of short forms from the PROMIS™ sleep disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment item banks. Behav Sleep Med. 2011 Dec 28;10(1):6-24.

Mindfulness, measured by the Conscious Presence and Self Control Instruments

Büssing A, Walach H, Kohls N, Zimmermann F, Trousselard M. Conscious Presence and Self Control as a measure of situational awareness in soldiers - A validation study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2013, 7:1

Mindfulness, measured by the Conscious Presence and Self Control Instruments

Büssing A, Walach H, Kohls N, Zimmermann F, Trousselard M. Conscious Presence and Self Control as a measure of situational awareness in soldiers - A validation study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2013, 7:1

Inner Peace, measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp)

Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Brady MJ, Hernandez L, Cella D: Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy - Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Ann Behav Med 2002, 24:49-58.

Inner Peace, measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp)

Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Brady MJ, Hernandez L, Cella D: Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy - Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Ann Behav Med 2002, 24:49-58.

Ease of life, measured by the Emotional and rational disease acceptance questionnaire (ERDA)

Büssing A, Matthiessen PF, Mundle G. Emotional and rational disease acceptance in patients with depression and alcohol addiction. BMC Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008; 6:4.

Ease of life, measured by the Emotional and rational disease acceptance questionnaire (ERDA)

Büssing A, Matthiessen PF, Mundle G. Emotional and rational disease acceptance in patients with depression and alcohol addiction. BMC Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2008; 6:4.

Body weight in kg

Body weight in kg

Body fat, measured using a Bioelectrical impedance analysis scale

Body fat, measured using a Bioelectrical impedance analysis scale

Waist circumference in cm

Waist circumference in cm

Hip circumference

Hip circumference

Blood pressure, measured using an automatic device

Blood pressure, measured using an automatic device

Heart rate, measured using an automatic device

Heart rate, measured using an automatic device

Compliance, measured using a structured interview about nutrition during Ramadan

adverse events during the study period

Blood lipid level, including serum measures triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol

Blood glucose level, serum measure

AST/SGOT, as measure of liver function

ALT/SGPT, as measure of liver function

GGT, as measure of liver function

Uric acid level, serum measure

Creatinine level, serum measure