iMEA : Comparison of Micro-innervation and Muscle Microstructure of the Anal Levator Muscle Between Patients With Urogenital Prolapse and Those Who Are Asymptomatic

It is a monocentric case-control study (1: 1). The inclusion of cases and witnesses will be prospective. For each case, a witness will be included with matching on parity (0, at least one child). Concerning the age, they will be matched according to the following age groups: 18-39 years old, 40-44 years old, 45-49 years old, 50-54 years old, over 55 years old.

For cases and controls, before the intervention, a questioning (age, weight, height, parity, mode of delivery, hormonal status), clinical symptoms of POPs and urinary incontinence, a detailed clinical examination, and an urodynamic assessment (in case of POPs) will be noted.

All cases and controls will have an ultrasound guided MEA biopsy. A fine needle will be used. The biopsy (5mm) will interest the medial part located between the vagina and the rectum.

Patients will be seen on post-operative visits between 15 days and 2 months after surgery for an examination and clinical examination.

From the biopsy, it will be performed a classic staining (Masson's trichrome) and specific immuno-markings to detect all the nerves, and to differentiate parasympathetic autonomic, sympathetic autonomic, erectile, and somatic nerves. Immunostaining for smooth muscle, striated muscle and relaxin system will also be performed. An immunofluorescence technique will be associated. Thus, some additional slides will be reserved for an actomyosin ATPase enzymatic reaction to differentiate muscle fiber types. Treated sections will be digitized with a Hamamatsu slide scanner for subsequent image analysis and analysis. The size of the different types of striated muscle fibers (1, 2a, 2b) will be measured using the NDPview (Hamamatsu) software. The labeling surface of the different antibodies will be quantified objectively by the NIS-Elements Viewer software.

Benefits are collective :

• Clinical impact: Find new medical therapeutic targets and improve rehabilitation techniques.
• Repercussion in research:

• To set up a PHRC with a randomized controlled multicenter study on the comparison of electrical stimulation and voluntary muscular contraction in postpartum with measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength and pelvic-perineal evaluation (search for pelvic prolapse , urinary incontinence).
• To improve knowledge of anatomy and physiology of pelvic floor muscles by mapping neurotransmitters in LAM in adult patients with POPs and asymptomatic patients.

Inclusion criteria

Case :

• Patient operated at Rennes University Hospital of anterior POP and / or posterior POP via vaginal and / or abdominal way.

POPs will be classified in stages 2-4 using the ICS classification;

• Without urinary incontinence associated effort (eliminated by the interrogation);
• Registered to a health insurance system;
• Having received information on the protocol and giving informed written consent.

Control :

For each case, a witness will be included with matching on the 5 year age group and parity (0, at least one child). It will be :

• Patient operated at the Rennes University Hospital for a vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for a benign reason.
• No POPs and no urinary incontinence eliminated during the interrogation and clinical examination.
• Registered to a health insurance system;
• Having received information on the protocol and giving informed written consent.

Exclusion criteria

Case and Control : Exclusion criteria:

• Pregnant or lactating women
• Patients with pelvic endometriosis, pelvic gynecological cancer, history of hysterectomy.
• Major person subject to legal protection (safeguard of justice, guardianship, tutorship), deprived of liberty.
• Participation in another research involving the interventional human person or at minimal risk and constraint