Hydrodissection Circumcision Versus Conventional Circumcision

Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to the hydrodissection or conventional group using computer-generated random numbers. Surgeons and patients were blinded to group allocation until the procedure began. Based on the previous research results, with reference to the mean and standard deviation range, the sample size is calculated to be at least 28 cases per group (α=0.05, β=0.2). Considering the proportion of lost to follow-up, we selected 32 patients per group.

Inclusion criteria

• Complies with the diagnostic criteria for phimosis, foreskin elongation, and related diseases in the "Chinese Expert Consensus on Phimosis, Foreskin related Diseases";
• Preoperative routine examination showed no abnormalities in coagulation, blood routine, electrocardiogram and other indicators;
• No severe genital herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, glans infection, etc.;
• Complies with the indications for sleeve type circumcision ;
• The patient or family member is aware of the surgical plan and signs the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with concomitant urethral malformations, such as hypospadias;
• Patients with combined inflammation of the penis, prior penile surgery, severe adhesions, buried penis, and short frenulum of the penis;
• Exclude individuals with combined allergies or allergies to multiple medications;
• Patients with severe physical illnesses such as heart and lung dysfunction who cannot tolerate surgery;
• Individuals with cognitive impairments or mental abnormalities;
• Diabetes with poor glycemic control；
• Age >35 or Age<6.