Effect of Mandala Coloring of Circumcised Children

This form prepared by researchers in line with the literature, contains 13 questions regarding the child's age, previous hospitalization and surgery, information about the current surgery and who gave the information, the education level of the mother and father, the profession of the mother and father, the place of residence and economic status.

This scale was developed by Donna Wong and Connie Moran Baker in 1981. The scale is suitable for children between the ages of three and eighteen. The scale includes facial expressions that the child can enjoy and enjoy. For this reason, it has been stated that it gives more accurate results. The scale has scores of "0", "2", "4", "6", "8", and "10". "0" indicates no pain and "10" indicates the highest pain. This scale does not have a Cronbach alpha score. It has been reported that reliability studies have not been conducted on such scaling.

The Children's Fear Scale (CFS) was used to assess procedural fear. The CFS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing procedural fear in school-aged children between the ages of 5 and 10 years.42 The CFS consists of five faces that are evenly distributed on a horizontal orientation. Each of them represents a different level of fear, the leftmost face marked as 0 and shows no fear, whereas the face on the far right marked as 4, shows the highest level of fear. The individuals reported their own fear levels by placing a mark on the horizontal axis. Before the procedure, the participating children were informed about the way of use of the scale. After the children stated that they understood how the scale can be used, they were asked to say how afraid they were. Children were asked a question as Can you look at these faces and choose the one which shows how afraid you are of having a circumcision? The mark was placed by each child was recorded.

The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS) was created in 2005 by Li & Lopez with the aim of offering a simple, objective and consistent method for nurses to determine the emotional behavior and anxiety of children during stressful medical procedures. The Turkish validity and reliability was performed by Çimke & Bayat in 2020. The scale measures emotional markers in children aged from 7 to 12 years undergoing operations. The scale examines 5 dimensions of facial expression, noises made by the child, activity, interaction and cooperation level of the child. Each item is rated from 1 to 5 points. As the points obtained on the scale increase, negative emotional manifestations increase. Assessment is from 5 to 25 points. The Turkish validity and reliability study for the scale found the Cronbach alpha value was 0.94.

This scale was developed by Ersig et al. in 2013 measures the state anxiety of children aged 4-10 years. In 2017, Gerçeker et al. carried out Turkish validity study for the scale. CAS-S (State) is designed as a thermometer. At the bottom is the bulb chamber, and upwards are horizontal lines. Each horizontal line represents a score, and the thermometer has 10 points. The bulb chamber at the bottom is 0 points and indicates that there is no anxiety. It is interpreted as the rise of anxiety as it rises upwards. The peak is worth 10 points and refers to the highest anxiety.