High-Dose Firmonertinib Combined With Bevacizumab and Intrathecal Pemetrexed in the Treatment of EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Leptomeningeal Metastasis

Inclusion criteria

• Have obtained written informed consent from the patient or his or her legal representative.
• Age ≥18 years, male or female.
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
• EGFR mutations confirmed by genetic testing (EGFR Ex19del/L858R/Ex20ins/PACC/L861Q).
• Leptomeningeal metastasis diagnosed by comprehensive clinical assessment according to "EANO-ESMO" diagnostic criteria, including symptom evaluation, imaging assessment, and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathological evaluation.
• Both treatment-naïve leptomeningeal metastasis patients and those who progressed after standard antitumor therapies in clinical practice are eligible. ≤3 prior lines of therapy allowed (patients with >3 prior lines may enroll in the real-world study cohort).
• ECOG PS 0-2 (patients with ECOG PS >2 may enroll in the real-world study cohort).
• Prior radiotherapy or surgical treatment targeting the central nervous system (CNS) is permitted.
• Patients with CNS symptoms/signs are allowed if these manifestations are not life-threatening.
• Patients previously treated with standard-dose third-generation EGFR TKIs, pemetrexed intravenous infusion, or bevacizumab are permitted.
• Adequate organ function:

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10^9/L, platelets ≥75×10^9/L, hemoglobin ≥80g/L Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN, AST/ALT ≤2.5×ULN (≤3×ULN for bilirubin and ≤5×ULN for AST/ALT in cases with liver metastasis) Serum creatinine ≤1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula).

• Sexually active males or females of childbearing potential must use highly effective contraception (e.g., oral contraceptives, IUD, abstinence, or barrier methods with spermicide) during the trial and for 12 months after treatment completion.

Exclusion criteria

• Diagnosis of other malignancies within the past 5 years or history of other malignancies (except adequately controlled basal cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical carcinoma in situ, or ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast).
• Severe gastrointestinal disorders affecting drug administration or absorption, including but not limited to peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.
• Known or suspected hypersensitivity to the investigational drugs (Firmonertinib, Bevacizumab, Pemetrexed) or any of their excipients.
• Prior treatment with high-dose third-generation EGFR TKI or intrathecal chemotherapy with Pemetrexed.
• Evidence of any severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, active bleeding, or active infections (e.g., hepatitis B/C, HIV), which in the investigator's judgment may jeopardize patient participation or protocol compliance.
• History of steroid-requiring radiation pneumonitis or any evidence of active interstitial lung disease.
• Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., QTc interval >500 ms) or heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%).
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Patients currently participating in or having received investigational drug therapy within 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
• Other severe acute/chronic medical or psychiatric conditions or laboratory abnormalities that, in the investigator's opinion, may increase study-related risks, interfere with result interpretation, or compromise the patient's ability to complete the study or adhere to protocol requirements.