Health Promotion Behavior Intervention for Elderly Migrants to Improve Health Outcomes

The health-promoting behaviors of elderly migrants were assessed using the the geriatric health promotion scale. This scale consists of 22 items across six dimensions: health habits, social participation, health responsibility, healthy diet, physical exercise, and oral health care. A 4-point Likert scale was used for scoring, with higher scores indicating better health-promoting behaviors. In this study, the Cronbach's α coefficient for this scale was 0.843, demonstrating good internal consistency reliability.

The Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) was used to assess self-perceptions of aging among elderly migrants. This 17-item scale evaluates five dimensions: timeline chronic, positive consequences, positive control, negative consequences, and emotional representations. Responses were scored using a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating more negative self-perceptions of aging. In the current study, the scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.782).

The family APGAR was employed to measure perceived family support among elderly migrants. This instrument assesses five domains: adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve, utilizing a 3-point Likert scale where higher scores indicate stronger family support. In the present study, the scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.940.

The UCLA Loneliness Scale (8-item version) was administered to evaluate loneliness levels among elderly migrants. This standardized instrument consists of 8 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher total scores indicating greater severity of loneliness. In the current study, the scale demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.841).