HD Mapping of Atrial Fibrillation in Asia Pacific

The rate of acute success was defined as the proportion of subjects who receive HD mapping and RF energy delivery resulting in acute termination of clinical arrhythmia, defined by termination to SR (or AT if being treated for PersAF) or non-inducibility of clinical arrhythmia after ablation (cardioversion allowed prior to inducibility attempt). This measure is presented here as the number of participants with acute success, and the associated percentage of subjects (proportion * 100%) with acute success is also displayed as the result of an automatic calculation.

Freedom from all atrial arrhythmias (AF/AFL/AT) greater than 30 seconds (as documented by 24-hr Holter at 12-month follow-up) and on or off class I/III AADs. This measure is presented here as the number of participants, and the associated percentage of subjects (proportion * 100%) is also displayed as the result of an automatic calculation.

Freedom from all atrial arrhythmias (AF/AFL/AT) greater than 30 seconds (as documented by 24-hr Holter at 12-month follow-up) and off all class I/III AADs. This measure is presented here as the number of participants, and the associated percentage of subjects (proportion * 100%) is also displayed as the result of an automatic calculation.

Defined as time from initial catheter insertion to final catheter removal. This is one measure of the amount of time it took for the physician to use invasive tools (catheters) during the procedure to investigate, diagnose, and treat the participant's heart condition.

Defined as duration of time radiofrequency energy is delivered. This is a measure the amount of time the physician was actively applying treatment to the heart to treat the participant's heart condition.

Defined as total time subject is exposed to fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that uses x-rays. This imaging is used by the physician to facilitate a safe and effective procedure. Less fluoroscopy time may help reduce the risk of issues related to x-ray exposure, however other factors such as fluroscopy intensity (not measured in this study) may also be important.

Defined as the total cumulative mapping time and mapping time for the creation of each map (including any new or retrospective map created with Manual, AutoMap, and TurboMap mapping). As part of an ablation procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, some physicians create a map of the heart's electrical activity. The information in the map may be used by the physician to plan the treatment strategy. Mapping time provides a measure of how much time the physician spent creating, updating, and analyzing maps during the procedure. A short mapping time is not necessarily better or worse than a long mapping time, as other factors such as the amount and type of information gathered may also affect how useful the map is to the physician.

Defined as total number of mapping points collected for the creation of each map. As part of an ablation procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, some physicians create a map of the heart's electrical activity. The information in the map may be used by the physician to plan the treatment strategy. Number of mapping points collected is a measure of how much information was collected. A small number of mapping points collected is not necessarily better or worse than a large number of points, as other factors such as the amount of time spent and type of information gathered may also affect how useful the map is to the physician.

Defined as the total number of mapping points used in each map. As part of an ablation procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, some physicians create a map of the heart's electrical activity. The information in the map may be used by the physician to plan the treatment strategy. Number of mapping points collected is a measure of how much information was collected, while number of mapping points used is a measure of how many such points were considered useful. A small number of mapping points used is not necessarily better or worse than a large number of points, as other factors such as the amount of time spent and type of information gathered may also affect how useful the map is to the physician.

Defined as the total number of mapping points used divided by the relative mapping time. As part of an ablation procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, some physicians create a map of the heart's electrical activity. The information in the map may be used by the physician to plan the treatment strategy. Mapping time is a measure of how much time the physician spent collecting, updating, and analyzing the information in the map. Number of mapping points collected is a measure of how much information was collected, while number of mapping points used is a measure of how many such points were considered useful. The number of used mapping points per minute is a measure of how efficient the mapping process is. A larger number of used mapping points per minute may be associated with a more efficient mapping process. Mapping efficiency may be of interest to a physician, however other factors such as the type of information gathered may also be of interest.

For each type of arrhythmogenic substrate this will be defined as the frequency of substrate type identified in cases that attempted to identify the specific substrate. As part of an ablation procedure to treat atrial fibrillation, some physicians create a map of the heart's electrical activity or use other tests to characterize the state, function, or health of certain areas of the heart tissue, and to localize certain areas that may be problematic (substrate). These localized characteristics may provide information to the physician that could be used to treat the participant's heart condition. This outcome measure lists common substrate characteristics and the number of subjects for which the characteristic was found or otherwise used as part of the treatment plan.

Defined by both the type of map used to define ablation strategy and the frequency each ablation strategy/target was used by physicians. A physician may use one or more strategies to treat the participant's heart condition, including selectively burning (ablating) certain areas of the heart. This outcome measure lists common ablation strategies and the number of participants that received treatment based on each strategy.

Adverse events include any device-, procedure-, or death-related events

Rate of repeat ablations was defined as proportion of subjects with an additional ablation procedure to treat indicated cardiac arrhythmia (outside blanking period, if applicable). This measure is presented here as the number of participants, and the associated percentage of subjects (proportion * 100%) is also displayed as the result of an automatic calculation.

Defined as change in quality of life score assessed by the validated QoL survey, EQ-5D-5L. The EQ-5D-5L is a descriptive system comprised of five questions related to mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each question has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state.

EQ-5D-5L EQ VAS scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). A positive change indicates an improvement.