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Completed

NCT Number: NCT05417659

Glycogen and Appetite

Obesity is the outcome of chronic excessive energy intake and reduced energy expenditure leading to energy imbalance. It is a risk factor for many preventable diseases such as metabolic disease and its consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sedentary adults have been shown to have an increased appetite in excess of energy requirements and adults who are more active are able to better regulate energy intake. It is thought that carbohydrate availability and specifically hepatic glycogen utilisation during exercise is a regulator of appetite. However, the majority of research so far does not support this theory, potentially due to research not examining the tissue-specific link between glycogen use and appetite. The aim of this study is to assess whether altering substrate utilisation during exercise by suppressing lipolysis influences GLP-1 levels and caloric intake post exercise. Additionally, the study will explore if there is a tissue specific link between substrate utilisation and post exercise energy intake and examine potential sex differences.

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Key information

Conditions

Energy Intake

Age range

18 year–60 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Department for Health, University of Bath

Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Males aged 18-60 and premenopausal women
  • Physically active (at least 30 minutes of exercise 3 times a week)
  • Body mass index 18.0-30.0 kg·m-2

Exclusion criteria

  • Weight instability (>5kg change in body mass over last 6 months)
  • Restrained eater (e.g. limiting food intake, calorie counting)
  • Current smoker
  • Aversion or allergy to test meal foods
  • Pregnant or lactating
  • Amenorrhoea in women
  • Any medical condition or medication that could introduce bias into the study (e.g., diabetes, CVD, lipid or glucose metabolism altering medications)
  • Any cardiopulmonary condition prohibiting exercise testing
  • Any contraindication to niacin or aspirin (e.g., diabetes, gout, clotting disorders, allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Treatment and study plan

Exercise plus carbohydrate

Dietary Supplement

A high carbohydrate drink to be consumed 1 hour prior to exercise and every 15 minutes during exercise.

Exercise plus niacin

Dietary Supplement

A dose of niacin to be consumed 30 minutes prior to exercise, at onset of exercise and 30 minutes into exercise.

Placebo

Other

A placebo drink to be consumed 1 hour prior to exercise and every 15 minutes during exercise and placebo tablets to be consumed 30 minutes prior to exercise, at the onset of exercise and 30 minutes into exercise.

Primary outcomes

  1. Difference in ad libitum energy intake

    Time frame: 2 hours post exercise

    Difference between ad libitum energy intake (kcal) post exercise between trials

Other outcomes

  1. Change in plasma GLP-1 concentrations post exercise

    Time frame: 2 hours

    Incremental area under the curve of plasma GLP-1 concentrations

  2. Change in plasma leptin concentrations post exercise

    Time frame: 2 hours

    Incremental area under the curve of plasma leptin concentrations

  3. Change in plasma insulin concentrations during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for plasma insulin concentrations

  4. Change in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations

  5. Change in plasma glucose concentrations during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for plasma glucose concentrations

  6. Change in plasma lactate concentrations during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for plasma lactate concentrations

  7. Change in carbohydrate oxidation during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for carbohydrate oxidation

  8. Change in fat oxidation during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for fat oxidation

  9. Change in skin temperature during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for skin temperature

  10. Change in core body temperature during exercise

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Incremental area under the curve for core body temperature

  11. Muscle glycogen utilisation

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Difference in muscle glycogen utilisation during exercise between conditions

  12. Extra-muscular glycogen oxidation

    Time frame: 1 hour

    Difference in extra muscular glycogen oxidation during exercise between conditions

  13. Difference in blood pressure between conditions

    Time frame: 3 hours

    Difference in blood pressure between conditions

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Bath

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Suppression of Adipose Lipolysis on GLP-1 and Energy Intake in Men and Women

Important dates

Study start
2022
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Jun 14, 2022
Registry last updated
Mar 27, 2025

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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