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Change of axial length
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation, 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation.
Axial length will be evaluated with ZEISS IOLMaster 700 at each visit.
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High order aberrations
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation, 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
High order aberrations will be assessed with Nidek OPD-Scan III at each visit.
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Central cornea endothelial cell loss
Time frame: Preoperation, and 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
Central cornea endothelial cell loss will be calculated with endokeratoscope in surgical group.
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The state of zonules
Time frame: Non-surgical group is assessed at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group will be assessed preoperation.
The state of zonules will be assessed using ultrasound biomicroscopy.
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Anterior chamber angle.
Time frame: Non-surgical group is assessed at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group will be assessed preoperation, 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation.
Anterior chamber angle will be assessed using Tomey Casia 2 anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).
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Tilt and eccentricity of intraocular lens
Time frame: 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
Tilt and eccentricity of intraocular lens was evaluated with Pentacam in surgical group.
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Intraocular pressure
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation, 3 months, and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation.
Intraocular pressure with non-contact-tonometer at each visit.
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Aortic root diameter
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
Aortic root diameter will be measured using echocardiography.
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Aortic Root (Sinuses of Valsalva) Z-score, adjusted by body-surface-area (Z-score)
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
Z-Score will be calculated using the Marfan foundation's calculator (https://marfan.org/dx/zscore-children/). Normal Z-score range from -2 to 2. A dilated aortic root is defined as a Z-score ≥2.0. A larger Z-score is associated with an increased risk of aortic complications such as dissection, rupture, and valvular regurgitation.
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Incidence of valvular heart disease
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation
The incidence of valvular heart disease (VHD) is defined as the ratio of patients diagnosed with VHD to the total number of patients enrolled.
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Body mass index (BMI)
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation.
Body mass index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. The normal range for the Chinese population is 18.5 to 23.9. A high BMI can indicate high body fatness.
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Metacarpophalangeal joint length
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit, and 1, 2, 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 1, 2, 3 years postoperation.
Metacarpophalangeal joint length will be measured using palmar radiograph.
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Choroidal thickness
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit and 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 3 years postoperation.
Choroidal thickness will be measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.
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Choriocapillaris flow deficits
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit and 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 3 years postoperation.
Choriocapillaris flow deficits will be measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images.
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Genetic mutation state of patients
Time frame: Preoperation
Draw blood to detect the exact gene mutations in patients via whole-exome sequencing.
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Vision-related quality of life
Time frame: Non-surgical group is evaluated at first visit and 3 years after enrollment. Surgical group is evaluated at preoperation and 3 years postoperation.
Vision-related quality of life will be assessed with the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ).